Tag Archives: soil emissions

115-120 K. Krištof, T. Šima, L. Nozdrovický and P. Findura
The effect of soil tillage intensity on carbon dioxide emissions released from soil into the atmosphere
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The effect of soil tillage intensity on carbon dioxide emissions released from soil into the atmosphere

K. Krištof, T. Šima*, L. Nozdrovický and P. Findura

Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Machines and Production Systems, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic; *Correspondence: tomasko.sima@gmail.com

Abstract:

Soil tillage is among the factors which affect the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions released from soil into the atmosphere. The objective of the study was to compare three tillage systems which overall represents the most commonly used systems. No-tillage, reduced tillage (shallow disc cultivation) performed by LEMKEN Rubin 9/600 KU disc cultivator and ploughing performed by LEMKEN EuroDiamant 8 mouldboard plough. Experimental area was divided into three replications of each tillage treatment as a randomized block design and the effect of soil tillage intensity on CO2 emissions were observed in field conditions by using ACE device (Automated Soil CO2 Exchange Station, ADC Bio-Scientific Ltd., UK). There were found an effect of soil tillage intensity on CO2 emissions released from soil into the atmosphere. Increasing tillage intensity resulted in increasing rate of CO2 emissions released from soil into the atmosphere where reduced tillage was reflected as 43% and ploughing as114% of this escalation. The results of our study supporting the more ecological effects of reduced tillage and no-tillage systems in comparison with widespread conventional systems by using mouldboard ploughs.

Key words:

carbon dioxide, soil emissions, soil tillage

171-178 T. Šima, L. Nozdrovický, K. Krištof, M. Dubeňová and J. Krupička
Impact of the quality of work of fertiliser spreader on nitrous oxide emissions released from soil to the atmosphere
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Impact of the quality of work of fertiliser spreader on nitrous oxide emissions released from soil to the atmosphere

T. Šima¹*, L. Nozdrovický¹, K. Krištof¹, M. Dubeňová² and J. Krupička³

¹Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Machines and Production Systems, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic; *Correspondence: tomasko.sima@gmail.com 2Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Production Engineering, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic 3Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Agricultural Machines, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract:

Quality of work of fertiliser spreader is one of the most important factors that affect the nitrous oxide (N2O) flux from soil to the atmosphere. Calk ammonium nitrate (CAN) with 27% nitrogen content was spread by a fertiliser spreader VICON RS-L connected with a tractor ZETOR 16145 and incorporated into the soil by a power harrow PÖTTINGER LION 301 six hours after its spreading. Application rate of fertiliser was set for 200 kg ha-1. There were selected five monitoring points based on the deviations of application rate for values 172.14, 188.01, 200.68, 213.08 and 227.34 kg ha-1, which means 46.48, 50.76, 54.18, 57.53 and 61.38 kg N ha-1, respectively. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after fertiliser application and incorporation into the soil by a photoacoustic field gas monitor INNOVA 1412 with a multipoint sampler INNOVA 1309. Concentration of N2O ranged from 0.4264 ppm to 1.2970 ppm. Maximum values were measured 21 days after fertilisation for each variant of the experiment. Based on the data obtained, there were found statistically significant differences among time intervals and among the size of deviations of the application rate at a 95.0% confidence level. Results have shown an impact of the 6% deviation (21 days after fertilisation) and 13.7% deviation (14 and 28 days after fertilisation) from the size of fertiliser application rate on nitrous oxide flux from soil to the atmosphere. There were also found the effects of time interval on nitrous oxide flux from soil to the atmosphere for each of the time intervals 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after fertilisation.

Key words:

fertiliser, fertiliser spreader, nitrous oxide, quality of work., soil emissions

179-186 T. Šima,, L. Nozdrovický, K. Krištof, M. Dubeňová and J. Krupička
The effect of nitrification inhibitors on nitrous oxide flux from haplic luvisol soil of DASA® 26/13 and ENSIN® fertilisers in a laboratory experiment
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The effect of nitrification inhibitors on nitrous oxide flux from haplic luvisol soil of DASA® 26/13 and ENSIN® fertilisers in a laboratory experiment

T. Šima¹,*, L. Nozdrovický¹, K. Krištof¹, M. Dubeňová² and J. Krupička³

Abstract:

The aim of the paper was to compare the effects of two very similar fertilisers on nitrous oxide (N2O) flux from soil to the atmosphere in laboratory conditions. The following fertilisers were used: granulated nitrogenous fertiliser DASA® 26/13 with the nitrogen content of 26%, sulphur content of 13%, and nitrogen fertiliser ENSIN® with the nitrogen content of 26%, sulphur content of 13% and nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide DCD and 1, 2, 4-triazole (TZ). Both fertilisers are produced by the same manufacturer, DUSLO, Inc., Šala, Slovakia. For both fertilisers, there variants of experiments were carried out for application rates equivalent to 0, 250 and 500 kg ha-1. The amount of the N2O emissions released from soil to the atmosphere was measured by a photo-acoustic field gas monitor INNOVA 1412 connected to a multipoint sampler INNOVA 1309. The experiments were conducted for 30 days in laboratory conditions. The fertiliser was incorporated into the soil in sampling tubes to a depth of 80 mm after 24 hours of measurement. Subsequently, after every 24 hours of measurement, another 48 hours was carried out, and this measuring cycle was repeated 10 times. The results of our experiment have confirmed that the fertiliser application rate and type of the fertiliser used have a significant effect on N2O flux and have confirmed the importance of accurate and uniform application of fertilisers in field conditions in order to eliminate the negative environmental effects.

Key words:

application rate., fertilising, nitrification inhibitors., nitrous oxide, soil emissions

97-102 T. Šima,, L. Nozdrovický, K. Krištof, M. Dubeňová and J. Krupička
Effect of the nitrogen fertiliser rate on the nitrous oxide flux from haplic luvisol soil in the laboratory experiment
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Effect of the nitrogen fertiliser rate on the nitrous oxide flux from haplic luvisol soil in the laboratory experiment

T. Šima¹,*, L. Nozdrovický², K. Krištof³, M. Dubeňová⁴ and J. Krupička⁵

1,2,3Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Engineering,Department of Machines and Production Systems, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra,Slovak Republic;
*Correspondence: tomasko.sima@gmail.com
⁴Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Engineering, Departmentof Production Engineering, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
⁵Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Departmentof Agricultural Machines, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract:

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of the variable rate of nitrogenfertiliser on the amount of nitrous oxide (N2O) flux from the soil within a laboratoryexperiment. We have conducted experiments for 30 days under laboratory conditions in order toeliminate the effect of field factors which could affect the results. During the experiment thenitrogen fertiliser DASAMAG® (manufacturer DUSLO, Inc., Slovakia) was used. The haplicluvisol soil properties were determined by pedological analysis. The amount of N2O emissionsemitting from soil was measured by photo-acoustic field gas monitor INNOVA 1412 withmultipoint sampler INNOVA 1309. There were carried out 3 variants of the experiment(application rates 0, 500 and 1,000 kg ha-1) with two replications. The fertiliser wasincorporated into the soil in sampling tubes to a depth of 80 mm after 24-hours measurement.Subsequently, after every 24 hours of measurements, 48 hours rest was carried out, and thismeasuring cycle was repeated 10 times. During the experiment the concentration of emissionsin sampling tubes considerably varied in comparison with the emissions concentration beforefertilising. Maximum values were measured on the 24th day after incorporation of fertiliser forboth application rates. The results of our experiment show that the application rate of fertiliserhas a significant effect on N2O flux and have confirmed the importance of the accurate and evenfertilisers application in order to eliminate the negative environmental effects.

Key words:

application rate., fertilising, nitrous oxide, soil emissions