Implementation of simultaneous performance of two technological operations with different machine-and-tractor units

V. Bulgakov¹, J. Olt²*, S. Pascuzzi³, V. Nadykto⁴, V. Kyurchev⁴, V. Mitkov⁴ and F. Santoro³

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
15 Heroyiv Oborony Str., UA 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, 56 Kreutzwaldi Str., EE 51006 Tartu, Estonia
³University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Via Amendola, 165/A, IT 70125 Bari, Italy
⁴Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, 18B Khmelnytsky Ave, UA 72310, Melitopol, Zaporozhye Region, Ukraine
*Correspondence: jyri.olt@emu.ee

Abstract:

The gap between two technological operations should be minimal in the production environment. For this, special combined (multi-operational) machine-and-tractor units (MTU) are used. Their agricultural machines have sequentially installed working devices for various technological purposes. In the absence of such MTUs, single-operation units are used. Such units more often have different working widths. For their simultaneous operation in the same field, the first unit (for example, a sowing unit) must have a wider width than the second one (for example, a rolling one). In practice, the opposite case occurs more often when the first unit’s working width is less than the second unit’s working width. As a result, the first machine-and-tractor unit delays the work of the second one. This article aims to develop the algorithm for the simultaneous operation of two machine-and-tractor units of different field performance. The first of them (a sowing unit) has a working width of 3.6 m, and the second (a rolling one) is 6.1 m. As a result, the following has been established using the example of processing a field of 80 hectares: the second unit should start its work (i.e., rolling the crops) when the first one (sowing) has sown a certain area. According to the formula proposed in the article, the size of this area is 44 hectares. Under natural working conditions, the second unit (rolling) started its work after the first (sowing) unit has sown 44 hectares of the field area. As a result, both units have completed the entire area with a half-hour gap, i.e., practically simultaneously and without delay from each other.

Key words:

operating speed, rolling, sowing, technological operation, working width

Biological features of formation of perennial binary grass crops

V. Gasiev*, N. Khokhoeva and D. Mamiev

Vladikavkaz scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 Markus street, RU362027 Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia
*Correspondence: gasiev77@mail.ru

Abstract:

The paper deals with the impact of binary mixtures of perennial grasses on the productivity and quality of forage crops that differ in their species composition. The studies have shown that mixed crops exceeded single-species crops in all indicators of forage crops productivity. In total over five years binary crops of Poterium polygamum exceeded single-species ones in all productivity indicators. The plants safety by the end of vegetation was also slightly lower than in single-species crops, which can be explained by greater competition for light, moisture and nutrients. So the safety of Medicago sativa L. was 81.8%, Onobrýchis – 83.6%, Galéga orientális L – 89.7%, Poterium polygamum – 74.6%, which is lower than that of legumes in single-species crops. In all years of herbage use, the binary crops exceeded single-species ones. On average, for 5 years of research, the yield of Poterium polygamum was 25.5 t ha^-1, Medicago sativa L. – 22.5 t ha^-1, Onobrýchis – 23.7 t ha^-1. Among legumes, the maximum yield had Galéga orientális L agrocenosis – 26.1 t ha^-1. Mixed crops of burnet with leguminous grasses were characterized for yielding the vegetative mass on average 28.5–30.9 t ha^-1. Maximum values of binary Poterium polygamum crops characterized crops with the leguminous plant component of goat’s rue in all years of research. Mixed crops also showed maximum values of dry matter per unit area and amounted respectively 33.52–36.74 t ha^-1. The same pattern continued in the yield of fodder units, digestible protein and metabolic energy, their maximum was obtained at the variant Poterium polygamum+ Galéga orientális L.

Key words: