Tag Archives: soybean

1697-1718 V. Yatsenko, N. Yatsenko, N. Komisarenko, V. Kravchenko, L. Vyshnevska, Z. Kovtunyuk, A. Lozinska and S. Usyk
Assessing the yield potential of soybean maturity groups in different Ukrainian climatic zoness
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Assessing the yield potential of soybean maturity groups in different Ukrainian climatic zoness

V. Yatsenko¹*, N. Yatsenko², N. Komisarenko³, V. Kravchenko¹, L. Vyshnevska¹, Z. Kovtunyuk², A. Lozinska⁴ and S. Usyk⁴

¹Uman National University, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Crop Production, Instytutska Street, 1, UA20301 Uman, Ukraine
²Uman National University, Faculty of Horticulture, Ecology and Plants Protection, Department of Vegetable Growing, Instytutska Street, 1, UA20301 Uman, Ukraine
³Uman National University, Faculty of Management, Department of Ukrainian and Foreign Languages, Instytutska Street, 1, UA20301 Uman, Ukraine
⁴Uman National University, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Instytutska Street, 1, UA20301 Uman, Ukraine
*Correspondence: slaviksklavin16@gmail.com

Abstract:

In the context of global climate change, increasing demands for food security, and the need to expand sources of plant-based protein, soybean is gaining particular importance as a highly productive and valuable agricultural crop. Purpose. The study aimed to evaluate the yield potential of soybean cultivars from different maturity groups under various agro-climatic conditions of Ukraine by analysing their adaptability, productivity, and stability. The objective was to justify the selection of maturity groups best suited for specific regions to ensure sustainable soybean production. Methods. Field experiments were conducted in 2023–2024 across three agro-climatic zones: Odesa (Steppe), Cherkasy (Forest-Steppe), and Zhytomyr (Polissia). A total of 26 early- and mid-maturing soybean cultivars of Ukrainian and foreign origin were evaluated. Adaptive variability was assessed using standard statistical methods. Results. Among early-maturing cultivars, Taverna, Eri, and Calgary showed superior individual productivity, surpassing the standard by 9–13% in seed weight per plant and reaching yields up to 3.15 t ha⁻¹ in Polissia. These cultivars demonstrated high plasticity and stability across environments. Among mid-maturing cultivars, ES Visitor and ES Collector delivered consistently high yields across all zones, exceeding the standard by 0.09–0.26 t ha⁻¹. Alicia also showed high productivity in the Forest-Steppe and Polissia, making it suitable for regions with moderate moisture. The highest average yield for early-maturing cultivars was recorded in Polissia (2.50 t ha⁻¹), and for mid-maturing ones – in the Forest-Steppe (2.68 t ha⁻¹). Regardless of the zone, Taverna, Eri, Calgary, ES Visitor, and ES Collector demonstrated stable and high productivity. Conclusions. The findings provide a basis for optimising cultivar selection and soybean production technologies, tailored to regional climatic conditions and challenges posed by climate change.

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352-364 I. Didur and H. Pantsyreva
Peculiarities of soybean growth and development on gray forest soils
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Peculiarities of soybean growth and development on gray forest soils

I. Didur* and H. Pantsyreva

Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Sonyachna Str. 3, UA21008 Vinnytsia, Ukraine, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-6592
*Correspondence: dim@vsau.vin.ua

Abstract:

The scientific and experimental five-year study highlighted the detailed development of technological techniques for growing soybeans under different hydrothermal growing conditions on gray forest soils. The conducted experimental studies established that under the influence of climatic factors, the duration of the growing season of soybean plants changes, and these factors, as a result, affect the field germination, the conservation factor and, as a result, the yield of plants. It has also been proven that during the ontogenesis of the plant, there are natural changes in linear dimensions depending on varietal characteristics, weather conditions and factors that were investigated. On average, over the years of research, the length of the soybean vegetation period ranged from 110 to 118 days, while the longest vegetation period was recorded on the experimental variants, where seeds were inoculated with the BTU Bioinoculant preparation and two foliar feedings were carried out in phase 3 – the third leaf and budding Helprost soybean. Starting from the flowering phase, soybean plants reacted more intensively to the studied factors. On the options where foliar fertilizing was carried out with Helprost soy mineral fertilizer (2.5 L ha-1) against the background of inoculation with BTU Bioinoculant (2 L t-1), the flowering period lasted 28 ± 3.6 days, which is 3 days more compared to with areas where foliar fertilization was not carried out and for 6 days – compared to the control. This is explained by the influence of a number of factors, in particular, hydrothermal, biotic, soil and anthropogenic. During the period of full ripeness, in connection with the action caused by pests and diseases, certain technological techniques and factors that were put to study, the density of plants according to the experimental options was from 488 ± 28.3 to 552 ± 34.5 thousand ha-1.

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730-750 S. Kalenska, N. Novytska, V. Kalenskii, L. Garbar, T. Stolyarchuk, N. Doktor, S. Kormosh and A. Martunov
The efficiency of combined application of mineral fertilizers, inoculants in soybean growing technology, and functioning of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis under increasing nitrogen rates
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The efficiency of combined application of mineral fertilizers, inoculants in soybean growing technology, and functioning of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis under increasing nitrogen rates

S. Kalenska¹, N. Novytska¹, V. Kalenskii¹, L. Garbar¹, T. Stolyarchuk¹*, N. Doktor², S. Kormosh² and A. Martunov³

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Department of Plant Science, Heroiv Oborony Str., 15, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²SS NULES ‘Mukachevo agricultural college’, Matrosova Str., 32, UA89600 Mukachevo, Zakarpattya reg., Ukraine
³Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination, Henerala Rodymtseva Str., 15, UA03041, Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence:wisssy6@gmail.com

Abstract:

Soy is a valuable leguminous crop, whose productivity directly depends on many factors, among which nitrogen fertilizers are one of the most important. Nitrogen fertilizing of this crop is often given insufficient attention because the yield increase can be quite insignificant. The purpose of the research is to study the combined effect of biofertilizers and increasing rates of nitrogen mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, and yield of soybean varieties. The experiment is three-factorial: factor A – early ripening soybean varieties Annushka and Ustya, factor B – seeds inoculation by biofertilizer, and factor C – rates of mineral fertilizers application. Results of research show the efficiency of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis during seed inoculation was established for nitrogen rates from N0 to N60 against the background of P60K60 – the biomass of nodule bacteria is 418–675 mg plant-1. The application of N90P60K60 significantly reduces the number and mass of nodule bacteria – 207–241; N120P60K60 – 32.0–42.0 mg plant-1, and with the introduction of P60K60 + N150–180 nodule bacteria are not formed and the effectiveness of microbiological drugs is not recorded. Nitrogenase activity with N0–90 application on the background of P60K60 and seed inoculation ranged from 3.25 to 7.76 μmol C2H4 per plant ha-1. With a further increase in nitrogen levels, nitrogenase activity was not recorded. On typical chernozems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, higher yields of early-ripening soybean varieties are formed by applying N60P60K60 and pre-sowing seeds treatment with rhizohumin or rhizohumin/hetomics combination. P60K60N150–180 showed a partial decrease in soybean yield due to the distress effect.

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795–808 S. Kalenska, N. Novytska, T. Stolyarchuk, V. Kalenskyi, L. Garbar, M. Sadko, O. Shutiy and R. Sonko
Nanopreparations in technologies of plants growing
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Nanopreparations in technologies of plants growing

S. Kalenska¹*, N. Novytska¹, T. Stolyarchuk¹, V. Kalenskyi², L. Garbar¹, M. Sadko³, O. Shutiy¹ and R. Sonko¹

¹National University of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Plant Science, Heroiv Oborony str., no 15, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Agrochemistry and Quality of Plant Production, Heroiv Oborony str., no 15, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³National University of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Information Systems and Technologies, Heroiv Oborony str., no 15, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: svitlana.kalenska@gmail.com

Abstract:

The use of engineered nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture has demonstrated a completely new way of food production that can potentially overcome uncertainty in the agricultural sector with limited available resources. Nanoparticle engineering is one of the latest technological innovations which demonstrate unique target characteristics.
During 2013–2020, research on the directions and effectiveness of nanopreparations in plant growing: nutrient source, activation of photosynthesis, immunocorrectors, stimulators of seed germination, plant growth and development, multivalent drugs for increasing plant resistance to stress was conducted. Monoparticles, nanoparticle combinations, and chelate complex of nano fertilizers on crops of soybean were tested. Field research was conducted in a stationary field experiment of the Plant Science Department of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The soil of the stationary experiment is typical chernozem. In research was used soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) of early-ripening variety Horol. Over the years of research, weather conditions varied, but were within the typical for zone of research. Average monthly temperatures were close or higher the perennial average indicators.
The purpose of the research is to find out the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment and fertilizing of crops by nano-preparations Avatar (microfertilizer of carboxylates of natural acids), Iodis-concentrate (immunomodulator – stimulator of growth processes), and Super Micro Plus (nanochelate fertilizer) on leaf formation – rate, the activity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean variety Horol.
Nanopreparations were used for pre-sowing seed treatment and fertilizing – spraying during the growing season in several doses. The use of nanopreparations, as seed treatment in combination with inoculation and as fertilizer, intensified formation of the leaf surface area, symbiotic apparatus activity of soybean plants. The introduction of nanofertilizers complex in the top-dressing helped to increase yields and change the functional quality of crop products which indicates their unconditional effectiveness. Soybean yield significantly depended on weather conditions, varying from 1.23 to 3.48 t ha-1 depending on the weather conditions and the combination of seed inoculation and nanofertilizer. Soybean yield under favourable weather conditions in 2016, depending on the use of preparation combination ranged from 2.27 to 3.48 t ha-1.
As a result of the research, it was found that the use of nanopreparations Avatar, Jodis-concentrate and Super Micro Plus for seed treatment and fertilizing intensified leaf surface formation and symbiotic apparatus activity of soybean plants. The obtained results confirm that application of nanofertilizers complex Jodis-concentrate, Avatar and nano chelate fertilizer Super Micro Plus in the soybean fertilizing helped to increase the yield, which testifies to their unconditional effectiveness. The highest efficiency of nanofertilizers was shown by inoculation and seed treatment by Avatar and fertilizing by Avatar + nano chelate fertilizer Super Micro Plus, providing the formation of 52.4 thousand m2 ha-1 of leaf surface area of soybean varieties Horol, 69.7 pcs per plant of root nodules, 785 mg per plant of their weight and yield at the level of 2.79 t ha-1 an average of five years.

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2460–2473 A. Zymaroieva, O. Zhukov, T. Fedonyuk and A. Pinkin
Application of geographically weighted principal components analysis based on soybean yield spatial variation for agro-ecological zoning of the territory
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Application of geographically weighted principal components analysis based on soybean yield spatial variation for agro-ecological zoning of the territory

A. Zymaroieva¹*, O. Zhukov², T. Fedonyuk³ and A. Pinkin⁴

¹Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Resources Utilization, Stary Blvd. 7, UA10008 Zhytomyr, Ukraine
²Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Department of Zoology and Ecology, pr. Gagarina, 72, UA49010 Dnipro, Ukraine
³Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Ecology and Life Safety, Stary Blvd. 7, UA10008 Zhytomyr, Ukraine
⁴Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Faculty of Engineering and Power Engineering, Department of Electrification, Automation of Production and Engineering Ecology, Stary Blvd. 7, UA10008 Zhytomyr, Ukraine
*Correspondence: nastya.zymaroeva@gmail.com

Abstract:

In this study, the geographically weighted principal components analysis as an alternative method for agro-ecological characterization of the region was provided. The spatial and temporal distribution pattern of soybean yield was analyzed by using spatial statistics technology, which provided a good reference for agricultural development planning. The soybean yield was selected for the present study because it is a comprehensive indicator reflecting the production potential of the regional agroecosystems. The organized data set, which included the average per year yields of soybean in 10 regions (206 administrative districts) of Ukraine, was used for analysis. The regular temporal trend, specific for each district, was previously extracted from the time series data. The principal components analysis of the detrended data allowed to identify four principal components, which altogether can explain 58% of the soybean yield variation. The geographically weighted principal components analysis allowed to reveal that four spatially determined processes were influencing the yield of soybeans and had the oscillatory dynamics of different periodicity. It was hypothesized that the oscillating phenomena were of ecological nature. Geographically weighted principal component analysis revealed spatial units with similar oscillatory component of soybean yield variation. Our study confirmed the hypothesis that within the studied territory there are zones with the specific patterns of the temporal dynamics of soybean yield, which are uniform within each area but qualitatively different between zones. The territorial clusters within which the temporal dynamics of soybean yield is identical can be considered as agro-ecological zones for soybean cultivation.

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2217–2225 M. Zargar, E. Romanova, A. Trifonova, E. Shmelkova and P. Kezimana
AFLP-analysis of genetic diversity in soybean [Glycine max (l.) Merr.] cultivars Russian and foreign selection
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AFLP-analysis of genetic diversity in soybean [Glycine max (l.) Merr.] cultivars Russian and foreign selection

M. Zargar¹*, E. Romanova¹, A. Trifonova², E. Shmelkova¹ and P. Kezimana¹

¹Department of AgroBiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, RU117198 Moscow, Russia
²Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, RU119333 Moscow, Russia
*Correspondence: zargar_m@pfur.ru

Abstract:

Genetic diversity of 11 cultivars of soybean (Glycine max) from a VIR (N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources) collection was analyzed by the AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique. From 18 tested primer combinations, both of them were selected for further analysis. From these two primer combinations (E32/M60 and E32/M59), 90 DNA fragments were obtained, 39 (43%) of them were polymorphic. Unique DNA fragments were found in accessions SibNIISHoz 6, Soer-4, Determinant. The Jaccard’s similarity indices varied from 0.79 (between Sonata and Ugra) to 0.94 (between Ugra and Garmoniya) with an average of 0.775. Cluster analysis placed the cultivars into the several groups but separation in groups was not related to their origin or biological characteristics, even though cultivars Nordik and Soer-4 (cultivars recommended for Central Black Earth region of Russia) clustered together on the dendrogram. The obtained high values of Jaccard genetic similarity index and low level of polymorphism and differentiation illustrated a relatively low genetic diversity in our studied cultivars, which correlated with different other studies on soybean genetic diversity with AFLP-analysis.

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1419–1426 A.C. Olcay, G. Bilir, Ö. Taş, M. Deniz and D. Ekinci
Partial Purification of β–glucosidase enzyme from soybean (Glycine max) and determination of inhibitory effects two quercetin derivatives on enzyme activity
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Partial Purification of β–glucosidase enzyme from soybean (Glycine max) and determination of inhibitory effects two quercetin derivatives on enzyme activity

A.C. Olcay, G. Bilir, Ö. Taş, M. Deniz and D. Ekinci*

Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, TR 55139 Samsun, Turkey; e-mail: deniz.ekinci@omu.edu.tr

Abstract:

 Glucosidases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkage of glycosides, leading to the formation of a sugar hemiacetal or hemiketal and the corresponding free aglycon. Activity of glucosidases is crucial for several biochemical processes. Thus, discovery of new glucosidase inhibitors is crucially important owing to potential therapeutic applications of this enzyme in the treatment of diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus infection, metastatic cancer, lysosomal storage disease etc. In the current study, inhibitory potential of ‘quercetin’ and its isomeric form ’morin hydrate’ on the activity of β-glucosidase enzyme, present in the extract of soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds, were investigated. The compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory action in low milimolar concentrations. I50 values were calculated as 0.188 and 0.138 mM for quercetin and morin hydrate, respectively. The results have confirmed that these compounds can be used as leads for designations of novel glucosidase inhibitors which would be used in medicinal biotechnology and food science and technology.

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