Tag Archives: starch content.

124-133 P. Fejér, A. Széles, É. Horváth, T. Rátonyi and P. Ragán
Effects of some agronomic practices on the quality of starch content of maize grains
Abstract |
Full text PDF (406 KB)

Effects of some agronomic practices on the quality of starch content of maize grains

P. Fejér*, A. Széles, É. Horváth, T. Rátonyi and P. Ragán

University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, 138 Böszörmenyi str., HU4032 Debrecen, Hungary
*Correspondence: fejerp@agr.unideb.hu

Abstract:

The use of maize, both as main and by-product, is extremely versatile and diverse. The highest amount of carbohydrate within maize is found in the form of starch (C6H10O5)x. In terms of industrial starch, maize is the most important raw material. Fodder maize is primarily an energy source due to its high starch content, and its protein and oil content are less important. It was found that starch and protein content, which are negatively correlated with each other, are significantly affected by fertilizer doses. The experiment is located in the Hajdúság Loess Plateau, its soil is loess-based deep humus layered calcareous chernozem. The following treatments were applied in the scope of the polyfactorial experiment: Tillage: T1 = winter ploughing, T2 = strip tillage, T3 = ripping. Crop years: 2017, 2018 and 2019. Fertilization treatments: N 0 kg ha-1 P2O5 0 kg ha-1 K2O 0 kg ha-1 (control); N 80kg ha-1 P2O5 60 kg ha-1 K2O 90 kg ha-1 and N 160 kg ha-1 P2O5 60 kg ha-1 K2O 90 kg ha-1. Analysis of the nutritional component was carried out by means of a Foss Infratec TM 1241 Grain Analyser.

In terms of fertilization treatments, the highest (64.42%) maize starch content was measured for the control treatment, while the lowest starch content was recorded in the case of the 160 kg N ha-1 treatment (62.62%). The analysis of the crop year effect showed that 2018 was the most favourable year for the maize starch content of the examined samples (65.76%). Of the studied years, the lowest starch content was measured in 2017 (61.78%).

Key words:

, , , ,



1380–1389 A. Linina, D. Kunkulberga, A. Kronberga and I. Locmele
Winter rye grain quality of hybrid and population cultivars
Abstract |
Full text PDF (1 MB)

Winter rye grain quality of hybrid and population cultivars

A. Linina¹*, D. Kunkulberga², A. Kronberga³ and I. Locmele³

¹Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Liela street 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
²Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology Rigas street 22, LV-3001, Jelgava, Latvia
³Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Priekuli Research Centre, Zinatnes street 1a, Priekuli LV-4126, Latvia
*Correspondence: anda.linina@llu.lv

Abstract:

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important European crop used for food that is grown primarily in Eastern, Central and Northern Europe. Consuming rye grain products provides a rich source of dietary fibre as well as several bioactive compounds with potentially positive health implications. The goal of the research was to compare the rye grain quality of hybrid and population cultivars. A field trial was carried out in Priekuli Research Centre, Institute of Agricultural Resourses and Economic (in Latvia) during a three-year period: 2014/2015, 2015/2016, and 2016/2017. The trial included population winter rye cultivars ‘Kaupo’, ‘Amilo’, ‘Dankowskie Amber’ and hybrid rye cultivars ‘Brasetto’, ‘Su Drive’, ‘Su Mephisto’. Rye grain quality indices were analysed at Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, in Grain and Seed Research laboratory. Average data in our investigation (three years) show that cultivar, crop-year (weather conditions) and cultivar×crop-year interaction significantly (P < 0.05) affected rye grain protein content, starch content and Hagberg falling number. A significant negative correlation was found between protein content and starch content r = -0.937 (population cultivars grain), r = -0.944 (hybrid cultivars grain), medium strong negative correlation was found between protein content and falling number, respective r = -0.549 and r = -0.573. Differences between hybrid cultivar grain protein content, falling number and starch content comparing with population cultivar grains were not observed. The results of the current research show that the quality of all the studied cultivars meets the requirements for high-grade rye grains for food consumption.

Key words:

, , ,



1193-1201 V. Eremeev, B. Tein, P. Lääniste, E. Mäeorg and J. Kuht
The effect of pre-planting thermal treatment of seed tubers on the yield and quality of potato
Abstract |
Full text PDF (209 KB)

The effect of pre-planting thermal treatment of seed tubers on the yield and quality of potato

V. Eremeev*, B. Tein, P. Lääniste, E. Mäeorg and J. Kuht

Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia *Correspondence: vyacheslav.eremeev@emu.ee

Abstract:

Field trials with the potato cultivars ‘Ants’ (medium late) and ‘Laura’ (medium early) were carried out on the experimental fields of the Department of Field Crops and Grassland Husbandry located at Eerika (58°22′ N, 26°40′ E), Estonian University of Life Sciences in 2010 and 2011. The yield of tubers and starch, marketable yield of potato, number of tubers per plant and tuber weight were studied. We used the following treatments: untreated control (To): seed tubers were planted directly from storage house (storage temperature 4°C); thermal shock (TS): seed tubers were kept before planting 5 days in a room with temperature of 30°C and 2 days with temperature of 12°C; pre-sprouting (PS): before planting the seed tubers were kept 26 days in a room with temperature of 15°C and 10 days with temperature of 12°C. The results are presented as the averages of studied years. According to the average results of two experimental years, the pre-planting treatment with thermal shock increased the number of tubers per plant of cultivar ‘Ants’ by 30.6%, compared to control treatment. None of the treatments had any effect on the number of tubers of cultivar ‘Laura’. The thermal treatment increased the average weight of tubers of cultivar ‘Laura’ compared to the control treatment (thermal shock by 14.7%, pre-sprouting by 20.7%), but for cultivar ‘Ants’ the weight of tubers was decreased by 16.7% (thermal shock treatment). The thermal shock treatment increased the tuber yield of cultivar ‘Ants’ by 10.7% and the pre-sprouting increased the total tuber yield of cultivar ‘Laura’ by 9.9%. The thermal shock increased significantly the starch content of cultivar ‘Ants’ and decreased that of cultivar ‘Laura’.

Key words:

, , , ,



245-250 V. Eremeev, I. Keres, B. Tein, P. Lääniste, A. Selge and A. Luik
Effect of different production systems on yield and quality of potato
Abstract |
Full text PDF (219 KB)

Effect of different production systems on yield and quality of potato

V. Eremeev, I. Keres, B. Tein, P. Lääniste, A. Selge and A. Luik

Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences,Kreutzwaldi St. 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: Viacheslav.Eremeev@emu.ee

Abstract:

In the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops and Grassland Husbandry the late maturing potato variety „Ants‟ was grown in the following variants: conversion to organic, N0P0K0, N50P25K95, N100P25K95 and N150P25K95. Pesticides were used in mineral fertilizer variants. In N0P0K0 and mineral fertilizers variants insecticide Fastac 50 was used. The total yield of tubers as well as the proportion of marketable tubers increased significantly with the use of mineral fertilizers (N50P25K95, N100P25K95 and N150P25K95). Tubers from conversion to organic and N0P0K0 variants had significantly higher starch content, compared to the variants where mineral fertilizers were used, but the overall yield of starch remained lower. Increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is positively correlated with the nitrate content in the tubers. The number of tubers infected by potato brown rot and potato soft rot did not differ significantly, but there were fewer tubers infected with black scurf in conversion to the organic variant.

Key words:

, , , , ,