Tag Archives: stems

1147–1153 D. Bartzialis, K.D. Giannoulis, E. Skoufogianni, A. Lavdis, G. Zalaoras, G. Charvalas and N.G. Danalatos
Sorghum dry biomass yield for solid bio-fuel production affected by different N-fertilization rates
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Sorghum dry biomass yield for solid bio-fuel production affected by different N-fertilization rates

D. Bartzialis*, K.D. Giannoulis*, E. Skoufogianni, A. Lavdis, G. Zalaoras, G. Charvalas and N.G. Danalatos

University of Thessaly, Dept. of Agriculture, Crop Production & Rural Environment, Fytokoy street, GR38443 Volos, Greece
*Correspondence: dbartz@uth.gr; kyriakos.giannoulis@gmail.com

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to examine the effect on the dry biomass yield of two different sorghum hybrids (H1 and H2) under five different N-fertilization levels (0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg ha-1) in a soil which was formed by lacustrine deposits of Karla Lake and is characterized from the downward movement of calcium carbonate from the surface horizons due to leaching (Fluventic Xerochrept) during 2017. The results demonstrated a significant effect (P < 0.05) of fertilization only for one hybrid. Biomass yield ranged from 22.2 to 37.5 t ha−1. For both hybrids, sorghum accumulated a high amount of biomass in stems. Dry stem/total biomass ratio was rather constant throughout the different fertilization treatments achieving 81.6 and 77.5% for the first (H1) and the second hybrid (H2), respectively. The second hybrid (H2) had a higher percentage of leaf biomass (20.1 vs. 13.8%) than the first (H1), but lagged behind in seed production (2.4 vs. 4.6%). Biomass dry matter partitioning and total dry weight are important selection criteria for energy crops, due to different gross calorific value and ash content but also because of the different economic importance they may have e.g. the seed is also used as animal feed. The above high biomass yields of sorghum, confirming the high potential of this crop, should be taken into serious consideration regarding land use planning, but further investigation for the gross calorific value and the ash content is needed as well as biomass characteristics that are quite important in case to improve the combustion process.

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75-84 A. Jasinskas, I. Ulozevičiūtė, E. Šarauskis and A. Sakalauskas
Impact of immature willows stems chopping quality on the harmful emissions evaluation
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Impact of immature willows stems chopping quality on the harmful emissions evaluation

A. Jasinskas, I. Ulozevičiūtė, E. Šarauskis and A. Sakalauskas

Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, KaunasAkademija,
Studentu str. 15A, LT-53361 Kauno r., Lithuania;

Abstract:

The analytical review of the experimental research results of energy plants preparation, burning efficiency and the emissions of harmful substances into the air while burning these plants, is presented in this paper. After the experimental study, immature (1–2 year of growth) willow (Salix viminalis) stems chaff chopping quality were observed. In truth, use of the drum chopping equipment prepared chaff fractional composition, and there were defined and calculated immature willow stems chaff of theoretical length (from 11.8 till 61.3 mm). They were presented and compared with the experimental research results of the low power boiler efficiency and harmful emissions into the air while burning energy plants – immature willow, chopped by the drum chopper of Maral-125 combine. The test was carried out in the laboratory of the low power boiler, which is designed to burn wood, wood briquettes and large wood chaff. After determination of boiler efficiency and harmful substances (CO2, CO, NO, NOx) emissions into the environment while burning different lengths of willow chaff, it was concluded that the boiler developed about 66–86% of nominal boiler power, and pollution emissions concentration into the environment was lower when willow chaff of 49.2 mm length was burned.

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37-45 A. Jasinskas, G. Rutkauskas, B. Kavolėlis,A. Sakalauskas and E. Šarauskis
The energetic evaluation of technologies for fuel preparation from grass plants
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The energetic evaluation of technologies for fuel preparation from grass plants

A. Jasinskas¹, G. Rutkauskas¹, B. Kavolėlis¹,A. Sakalauskas² and E. Šarauskis²

¹Institute of Agricultural Engineering of Lithuanian University of Agriculture,Institute St. 20, LT-54132 Raudondvaris, Kaunas distr., Lithuania; e-mail: aljas@mei.lt
²Department of Agricultural Machinery, Lithuanian University of Agriculture,Studentu St. 15A, LT-53361 Akademija, Kaunas distr., Lithuania;e-mail: ZUM.katedra@lzuu.lt

Abstract:

The technologies of growing, harvesting and preparing for fuel traditional feed type grasses (the mix of cereal and legume grasses) and coarse-stemmed vegetative plants (topinambours and sunflowers) were evaluated and a rational technique was selected. The methods of energetic evaluation of fuel preparation technologies were reviewed.After energetic evaluation of the technologies it was estimated that the total energy inputof growing and harvesting grasses and legumes was equal to 8334 MJ ha-1, topinambour stems – 14378 MJ ha-1 and sunflower stems – 11324 MJ ha-1 respectively. The total energy input of growing and harvesting of traditional grasses was by 72% lower than that of topinambour stems and by 36% lower than the energy input required for fuel production from sunflower stems. From an energetic perspective, the technology of fuel preparation from traditional grasses is more advantageous than the technologies of fuel preparation from coarse-stemmed plants, specifically topinambour and sunflower stems.

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