Tag Archives: toxicity

473-483 I. Malynovska, V. Bulgakov, J. Olt and A. Rucins
Influence of petroleum products on the state of microbiocenosis of soil during short and medium terms of pollution
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Influence of petroleum products on the state of microbiocenosis of soil during short and medium terms of pollution

I. Malynovska¹, V. Bulgakov², J. Olt³ and A. Rucins⁴*

¹National Scientific Centre, Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine, 2 b, Mashinobudivnikiv Str., Chabany vil., Kyiv-Svyatoshin Dist., UA08162 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, 56 Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi Str., EE51006Tartu, Estonia
⁴Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Engineering and Energetics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Ulbroka Research Centre, 1 Instituta Str., Ulbroka, Ropazu Region, Stopinu Municipality, LV 2130 Latvia
*Correspondence: adolfs.rucins@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

Bioremediation by autochthonous microbial communities is currently considered the main and most environmentally secure way how to remove petroleum products from contaminated soils. To study the possibilities to control the processes of biodegradation of aviation kerosene by indigenous communities of the soil together with plants and in the presence of a cometabolite (glucose), a model experiment was carried out with concentrations of aviation fuel from 0 to 20%. Soil without the addition of petroleum products served as reference. The state of the microbial community was studied 1 and 21 days after the addition of the petroleum products. It has been established that the soil contamination with petroleum products within one day leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in the state of the microbial cenosis, and the phytotoxicity of the soil significantly increases. At low concentrations of the petroleum products (1%) the occurrence of microbiological processes in the soil slows down, and at high concentrations (20%) they intensify. It has been shown that an increase in the number of polysaccharide-synthesising bacteria increases not only the absolute amount of degraded petroleum products from 0.240 to 1.88 g kg^-1, but also their relative share from 6.33%. Growing plants and adding easily accessible substrates to the soils contaminated with petroleum products ensures more active destruction of pollutants (by 63.6 and 45.5%, respectively) compared to the soils without phytocenosis and the addition of exogenous substrates.

Key words:

ecological and trophic groups, humus, microbiocenosis, mineralization, pollution with petroleum products, toxicity

1093-1106 M.A.S. Eisa, O. Matsera and Ľ. Cagáň
The laboratory estimation of essential oils as biological methods against black cherry aphids M. cerasi
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The laboratory estimation of essential oils as biological methods against black cherry aphids M. cerasi

M.A.S. Eisa¹, O. Matsera¹²* and Ľ. Cagáň¹

¹Plant protection Department, Institute of Agronomical Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku, 2, SK94901 Nitra, Slovakia
²Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry Department, Agronomy and Forestry Faculty, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Sonyacha Str., 3, UA21000 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
*Correspondence: matsera.olga.vnau@gmail.com

Abstract:

Plants’ essential oils play a considerable role in the plant integrated protection systems against harmful insects. Therefore the aim of our study was to find the potential repellency and toxicity effects of essential oils (EOs) from Allium sativum L., Ocimum basilicum L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill, Eucalyptus globulus, Labill and Curcuma longa L., and two chemical substances DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) and 2-Undecanone on the black cherry aphids Myzus cerasi. Repellent peculiarities were evaluated at five different concentrations: 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5%, with 4 replications at the interim of 15 and 30 minutes for an olfactometer test and mortality was evaluated after 2, 6 and 24 hours for insecticidal activity test. The repellent index was most influenced by the concentration of essential oil; the percentage of influence was 64%. At the same time, the highest repellency index 95% was achieved at a concentration of 1.5% when using essential oils of A. sativum and E. globulus, as well as when using 2-Undecanone within 30 minutes of waiting. A contact toxicity (mortality) test in Petri dishes showed efficacy for all tested oils and chemicals after a 6-hour treatment period. The lowest concentration that ensured 100% insect mortality was 0.9% when using E. globulus essential oil. The lowest lethal concentration (LC₅₀) value of 0.00240mL/10 mL was obtained with O. basilicum oil and the lowest LC₉₈ value of 0.28209mL/10 mL was obtained with E. globulus oil after a 6-hour treatment period.

Key words:

Myzus cerasi, Olfactometer, plant protection, repellent peculiarities, toxicity

256-266 S. Azzouzi, M. Khamar, A. Nounah, E. Cherkaoui and F. Benradi
Study of the effect of chromium on the germination parameters of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracium L.) and Lens (Lens culinaris)
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Study of the effect of chromium on the germination parameters of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracium L.) and Lens (Lens culinaris)

S. Azzouzi*, M. Khamar, A. Nounah, E. Cherkaoui and F. Benradi

Mohammed V University, High School of Technology, Civil Engineering and Environment Laboratory (LGCE), Materials Water and Environment team,
MA11060 Sale, Morocco
*Correspondence: azzouzi.soukayna@gmail.com

Abstract:

Soil contamination by heavy metals is a global environmental problem. This contamination affects agricultural crops in the area concerned. In the present study, chromium, which is a heavy metal, is evaluated for its diverse effects on seed germination and lateral growth of fenugreek and lens seeds. A chromium solution was prepared at increasing concentrations: 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, and 0.2 mg L^-1 for the addition of germinating seeds in petri dishes for ten days. After two days, the germination rate is calculated. For the following days the length of radicle, stem, and number of leaves are measured. The germination rate of fenugreek varies between 100 and 73.33% for the control and 0.02 mg L^-1 of chromium respectively. However, the germination rate of the lens varies between 100% for the control and 90% for the 0.02 mg L^‑1. The elongation of fenugreek radicle with chromium solutions shows a significant effect. However, there is no significant difference in the lens at the different concentrations. For the growth of the fenugreek stalk, it is noticed that the concentration 0.02 shows a length of 2.83 cm compared to their control which is 2.30 cm. Consequently, chromium at 0.02 mg L^-1 stimulates growth, but at 0.2 mg L^-1, it inhibits it. For lens the length of the stems shows also a significant difference compared to their control. So the effect of chromium on germination parameters depends on their concentrations, as well as on the seed response itself. For our research the response of fenugreek compared to the lens at the same concentrations is different.

Key words:

chromium, fenugreek, germination, lens, toxicity

1973-1991 D.G. Churilov, S.D. Polischuk, G.I. Churilov, V.V. Churilova and D.N. Byshova
Investigation of the long-term toxic effect of nanoparticles of different physical-chemical characteristics
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Investigation of the long-term toxic effect of nanoparticles of different physical-chemical characteristics

D.G. Churilov¹, S.D. Polischuk²*, G.I. Churilov³, V.V. Churilova² and D.N. Byshova⁴

¹Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Road Transport Faculty, Department of Metal Technology and Machine Repair, Kostychev street 1, 390044 Ryazan, Russia
²Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Technological Faculty, Department of Breeding and Seed Production, Agricultural Chemistry, Forestry and Ecology, Kostychev street 1, 390044, Ryazan, Russia
³Ryazan State Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Chemistry, Vysokovoltnaya street 9, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
⁴Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Faculty of Vet Medicine and Biotechnology, Kostychev street 1, 390044 Ryazan, Russia
*Correspondence: svpolishuk@mail.ru

Abstract:

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of metal and oxide nanoparticles on some ecological and functional groups in the soil-plant-animal system to form the stability limits of organisms. Nanoparticles of cobalt, iron, zinc, copper, copper oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide sized 20–80 nm were studied. The concentration range was 0.01–1,000 g of nanoparticles per ton of seeds or soil. Objects suitable for biotesting and environmental monitoring were selected: earthworms (Lumbricina), rats (white outbred) and Wistar rats. It was previously found that nanoparticles of the studied metals up to a concentration of 100 g t^-1 of seeds, unlike oxides, practically do not affect bacterial populations. The use of indicators of biochemical and cytomorphologic reactions of invertebrates seems promising because worms are able to bind pollutants and reduce their penetration into plants. They are also an indicator of soil biotesting for metal contamination. Reactivity and toxic effects of nanoparticles (NPs) in natural conditions depend both on the type of soil and on the size and concentration of nanoparticles. With sizes (NPs) of up to 20 nm (depending on the type of soil and physicochemical characteristics), NPs are much more reactive and reduce the survival of microorganisms. Small nanoparticles (less than 20 nm) are characterized by a large interface. Such nano-objects exhibit high physical-chemical activity and are safe only at very low concentrations. The specifics of the environmental impact of oxide NPs compared to metal NPs was revealed. It was associated with accumulation of oxides in living systems and the peculiarities of changes in the morph physiological, histological and reproductive parameters of organisms and morphological and biochemical parameters of animals. Oxide nanoparticles accumulate in a living organism, exhibit toxic properties, lower the activity of enzymes and hormones and are transferred along trophic chains, which is not typical for metal nanoparticles.

Key words:

biochemistry, cytotoxicity, histology, invertebrates, laboratory animals, microorganisms, morphology, plants, toxicity