Tag Archives: triticale

1213-1220 H.S. Martirosyan, A.R. Mikaelyan, N.L. Asatryan and B.G. Babayan
Assessment of ‘Complex–co’ preparation efficiency for some cereal crops growth stimulation
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Assessment of ‘Complex–co’ preparation efficiency for some cereal crops growth stimulation

H.S. Martirosyan¹, A.R. Mikaelyan¹*, N.L. Asatryan¹ and B.G. Babayan¹²

¹Agrobiotechnology Scientific Center’ Branch of Armenian National Agrarian University (ANAU), 1 Isi-Le-Mulino Str., Echmiadzin 1101, Republic of Armenia (RA)
²Armbiotechnology’ Scientific and Production Center (SPC), NAS RA, Gyurjan 14, Yerevan 0056, RA
*Correspondence: aramrmik@yahoo.com

Abstract:

The problem of obtaining environmentally friendly products, which are free from unwanted compounds that are harmful for human health like residual nitrates is very actual. The solution to this problem should be started from the initial stage of crop cultivation: seed disinfection. For that goal the new organic origin preparation ‘Complex-Co’ was used. In current paper the effect of a new plant growth stimulation preparation of complex influence ‘Complex-Co’, was studied on cereal crops cultivation. It was produced by the acidic processing of winemaking waste product: the natural cream of tartar.

Unlike the high risk classical organic and inorganic fertilizers, ‘Complex-Co’ preparation is based on absolutely vital compounds and can be considered ecologically safe. It contains: amino derivatives of natural tartaric acid (TA), coalmine and micro-nutrient elements, which provide the target properties and improve soil behavior. The effect of ‘Complex-Co’ preparation was studied on three common agricultural crops: barley, emmer and triticale. As a result of the experiments and field-trials it was proved as an effective preparation for root and foliar nutrition of crops. After the usage of the elaborated preparation the significant growth stimulation effect was observed for all the tested cereal crops. Also, the disinfection effect of ‘Complex-Co’ preparation was observed for the seeds of the tested plants.

The preparation is being recommended for the further research of its effect on various plants cultivation in farms, greenhouses and orangeries.

Key words:

barley, complex organic fertilizer, emmer, plant growth stimulator, tartaric acid, triticale

1545-1561 L.E. Kolesnikov, M.V. Uspenskaya, M.I. Kremenevskaya, A.G. Orlova, I.E. Razumova and Yu.R. Kolesnikova
The biological basis for the use of acrylic hydrogel and protein growth stimulant in the soft wheat and triticale cultivation
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The biological basis for the use of acrylic hydrogel and protein growth stimulant in the soft wheat and triticale cultivation

L.E. Kolesnikov¹*, M.V. Uspenskaya², M.I. Kremenevskaya², A.G. Orlova¹, I.E. Razumova¹ and Yu.R. Kolesnikova³

¹Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Faculty of Agrotechnologies, Soil science and Ecology, Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Petersburgskoe Shosse, 2, RU196601 St-Petersburg – Pushkin, Russia
²ITMO University, School of Biotechnology and Cryogenic Systems, Faculty of Food Biotechnologies and Engineering, 49 Kronverksky Pr., RU197101 St-Petersburg, Russia
³Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), genetic resource of wheat department, plant introduction department, Bolshaya Morskaya ul. 42–44, RU190000 St-Petersburg, Russia
*Correspondence: kleon9@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The development of technologies for the environmentally friendly biopreparations production and use including biopreparations based on acrylic hydrogel and protein growth stimulant, which is obtained by chemical hydrolysis from by-products of slaughtered animals processing is carried out as part of the optimization of the phytosanitary condition of wheat crops and creation of favourable agro-ecological conditions for its cultivation. An important feature of acrylic hydrogel is the ability to retain and release water to plants when needed. At the same time, protein hydrolysate can provide plants with an additional source of nitrogen which is a component of plant proteins, chlorophyll and it is necessary for normal growth and development of plants during the vegetation. The addition of the protein growth stimulant to acrylic hydrogel expands the potential application of Super Moisture Absorbent (SMA) due to the long-term growth-stimulating effect on plants. The acrylic hydrogel and protein growth stimulant were added to the soil when wheat sowing in the certain concentrations and proportions. Wheat productivity was studied by the indicators complex, characterized the plants morphological features and the yield structure. Assessment of the degree of plant affection caused by pathogens was carried out both according to the generally accepted phytopathological indicator – conditional intensity of development, and using additional parameters. In the research, it was found that acrylic hydrogel and protein growth stimulant provide an increase in wheat yield and reduce the pathogens harmfulness. In combined application, they can be used in agriculture for wheat cultivation as a low-cost and environmentally friendly soil conditioner.

Key words:

acrylic hydrogel, plant diseases, productivity elements, protein growth stimulant, soft wheat, triticale

1830-1837 M. Maradudin, I. Simakova and A. Fedonnikov
The effect of bean flour addition on the rheological properties and baking quality of a triticale flour blends
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The effect of bean flour addition on the rheological properties and baking quality of a triticale flour blends

M. Maradudin¹, I. Simakova¹* and A. Fedonnikov²

¹Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, Faculty of Pharmacy, B. Kazach'ya Str., 112, RU410012 Saratov, Russia
²Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilova, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Food Technology, B. Sadovaya Str., 220, RU410005 Saratov, Russia
*Correspondence: simakovaiv@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The aim of this research work was to study and compare the main parameters of the rheological state of the dough made from triticale flour (a variety of George selection by the FSBIS Agricultural Research Institute of the South-East), dough made from flour of white and red bean seeds, as well as parameters of dough from flour of composite mixtures based on them. The rheological properties of the dough were determined using a Mixolab device according to the GOST ISO 17718-2015 method. The mixing ability of the blends was additionally tested by the SDS sedimentation method. It was found that the moment of force, which characterizes the gelatinization process, correlates well with the SDS sedimentation index. To a lesser extent, this indicator correlates with the values of the moments of force characterizing the process of ‘starch retrogradation’ and the energy intensity of the dough formation process. The water absorption capacity of flour highly correlates with the moment of force during the liquefaction phase and with the moments of force characterizing the minimum and maximum consistency of the dough during the ‘starch retrogradation’ phase. The correlation between the SDS sedimentation rate and water absorption capacity was found to be rather low. The rheological parameters were also significantly influenced by the type of beans. Taking into account the results of studies of the rheological state of the dough, test baking of bread with various mass fractions of components was carried out. The results obtained confirmed the improving effect of bean flour.

Key words:

bakery qualitiesbeans, beans, composite mixtures, rheological properties, triticale

1417-1424 Z. Kruma, E. Straumite, T. Kince, D. Klava, K. Abelniece and A. Balgalve
Influence of Technological Parameters on Chemical Composition of Triticale Flakes
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Influence of Technological Parameters on Chemical Composition of Triticale Flakes

Z. Kruma¹*, E. Straumite¹, T. Kince¹, D. Klava¹, K. Abelniece² and A. Balgalve²

¹University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Food Technology, Rigas iela 22, LV-3001, Jelgava, Latvia
²Ltd Felici, Rigas gatve 8, LV-2164, Adazi, Adazu novads, Latvia
*Correspondence: zanda.kruma@llu.lv

Abstract:

Triticale is hybrid crop developed by crossing wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale) and in last years it become more popular for food applications, including flake production. Different approaches are developed to improve flakes technology by applying different cooking, rolling, toasting parameters resulting in high quality products. All these technologies influence also nutrition quality of product due to the different stability of these compounds during mechanical and thermal treatment. The aim of current experiment was to investigate the influence of technological parameters on chemical composition of triticale flakes. In current experiment triticale grains and triticale flakes obtained by different technologies was tested. For evaluation of the influence of technological parameters, different flaking and rolling parameters were tested. For all samples were determined composition of basic nutrients (fats, proteins, fibres, sugars, ash), minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Zn, P), vitamins, total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Triticale has high nutritional quality, containing significant amounts of protein, fibres, vitamins and minerals. Technological processes significantly influence cereals composition, but it depends on parameters tested. Control sample showed lower results and hierarchical cluster analyses showed that samples 1/3/1, 2/1/2/1, 2/1/3/1, 2/1/4/1 are similar in composition of bioactive compounds. Results showed that for selection of the best method for flaking physical and/or sensory properties should be taken in account.

Key words:

chemical composition, flakes, technology, triticale

315-329 M. Lonbani and A. Arzani
Morpho-physiological traits associated with terminal drought- stress tolerance in triticale and wheat
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Morpho-physiological traits associated with terminal drought- stress tolerance in triticale and wheat

M. Lonbani and A. Arzani*

*Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran; e-mail: a_arzani@cc.iut.ac.ir

Abstract:

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genotypic effects on tolerance to terminal drought stress in triticale and to compare it with that of durum and bread wheat under drought stress and normal field conditions using morpho-physiological traits. Five triticale ('Zoro', 'Moreno', 'Lasko', 'Prego' and 'Alamos 83'), one bread wheat ('Roshan') and one durum wheat ('Osta-Gata') cultivars were used. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used in each of the drought stress and well-watered (non-stress) experiments. Morpho-physiological traits including chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), excised leaf water retention (ELWR), rate of water loss (RWL), initial water content (IWC), leaf area, leaf angle, number of stomata, pollen viability, dry weight of awn and awn length were evaluated. Results of combined analyses of variances indicated the highly significant differences among genotypes for all traits and significant genotype × environmental interaction for all traits with the exception of leaf width, number of stomata and awn length. Overall performance of triticale cultivars was superior to wheat cultivars under both environmental conditions. Among triticale genotypes, 'Lasko' and 'Moreno' cultivars were the most drought tolerant and 'Prego' cultivar was the most sensitive genotype to water stress. Under drought stress conditions ELWR showed significant and negative correlation with grain yield, while their correlation was significant and positive under non-stress conditions. This relationship indicates that ELWR had an important impact on grain yield under both water stress and non-stress conditions.

Key words:

drought stress, morpho-physiological traits, pollen viability, tolerance, triticale

3–12 M. Alaru, B. Moller and A. Hansen
Triticale yield formation and quality influenced by different N fertilisation regimes
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Triticale yield formation and quality influenced by different N fertilisation regimes

M. Alaru¹, B. Moller² and A. Hansen²

¹Department of Field Crop Husbandry, Estonian Agricultural University, Kreutzwaldi 64, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
²Department of Dairy and Food Science, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej -30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C., Denmark

Abstract:

Two different field trials with triticale were carried out in a field of the Department of Field Crop Husbandry of the Estonian Agricultural University, situated near Tartu, in 2000/2001–2002/2003. In the first trial, the winter triticale cultivars ‘Modus’ and ‘Tewo’ were used to investigate the influence of different N fertilisation regimes on triticale yield formation and yield quality. Seven N fertiliser treatments in four replications in the first year and 11 fertiliser treatments in three replications in the second and third year were tested, by varying total nitrogen dosages and time of application. Nitrogen was applied as NH4NO3 at different plant development stages (EC30, EC47). In the second trial, 10 winter triticale cultivars were investigated (‘Modus’, ‘Tewo’, ‘Lasko’, ‘Dagro’, ‘Ulrika’, ‘Lamberto’, ‘Vision’, ‘Fidelio’, ‘Lupus’, and ‘Prego’) to select out cultivars of earlier maturing and higher tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting. Winter triticale parents – the winter rye ‘Vambo’ and the winter wheat ‘Kosack’ were used as the control.
The yield level and quality of winter triticale grains were most of all affected by weather conditions and then by cultivars and N application regimes. Nitrogen fertiliser application at the plant development stage EC47 decreased significantly the height of stems (r = -0.459***), which is the principal prerequisite for preventing lodging, and increased significantly grain protein content (1.69 and 1.8% as the average of three years in ‘Modus’ and ‘Tewo’ grains, respectively). Unlike spikes of wheat, all of these winter triticale cultivars started to germinate before general physiological maturity. The longer was the period from anthesis to general physiological maturity, the higher was the percentage of germination during the period (r = 0.727*). The higher was the moisture content in seeds of triticale 26 days after the EC65 (length of the period wheat reached physiological maturity), the higher was the germination percentage in spikes (r = 0.733*). Triticale cultivars with higher 1,000 kernel weight values reached physiological maturity later. An average germination before harvest time correlated positively with test weight (r = 0.608*).

Key words:

N application regime, physiological maturity, pre-harvest sprouting, protein content, triticale