Tag Archives: variety

96-109 O.A. Demydov, V.V. Kyrylenko, L.A. Murashko, O.V Humenyuk, Yu.M. Suddenko, T.I. Mukha, H.B. Volohdina, N.P. Zamlila, N.V. Novytska and B.O Mazurenko
Breeding and genetic screening of F1 hybrids of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by manifestation ofresistance to Fusarium graminearum Schwabe
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Breeding and genetic screening of F1 hybrids of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by manifestation ofresistance to Fusarium graminearum Schwabe

O.A. Demydov¹, V.V. Kyrylenko¹, L.A. Murashko¹, O.V Humenyuk¹, Yu.M. Suddenko¹, T.I. Mukha¹, H.B. Volohdina¹, N.P. Zamlila¹, N.V. Novytska² and B.O Mazurenko²*

¹The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, NAAS of Ukraine, Tsentralna Str., 68, UA-08853 v. Tsentralne, Kyiv region, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Department of Plant Science, Heroiv Oborony Str., 15, Kyiv 03041, Ukraine
*Correspondence: mazurenko.bohdan@nubip.edu.ua

Abstract:

Diseases of field crops significantly reduce yield and the quality of agricultural products. Developing resistant varieties is one of the tasks for enhancing agroecosystem resilience. The creation of infectious material for the background pathogen and heterosis analysis of F1 hybrids of soft winter wheat for resistance against Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (F. graminearum) and elements of spike productivity was the goal of the conducted research. The analysis of F1 genotypes of wheat for resistance against F. graminearum was carried out in field infections and natural nurseries of the wheat breeding laboratory of The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine (located in the northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine) during 2021 and 2022. The most aggressive isolates of the F. graminearum fungus were identified for developing inoculum and creating an artificial infection background in field conditions. In terms of the inheritance of resistance and spike productivity traits, 29.4% of hybrid populations of the first generation were selected. Positive dominance for the complex of investigated traits was found in hybrid combinations where sources of resistance against Fusarium graminearum (MV  20-88 × Smuhlianka, (Mikon × ALMA) × Lehenda Myronivska and local winter wheat varieties MIP Knyazhna, MIP Vyshyvanka were involved in the crossbreeding. It was established that cytoplasmic genes enhance the dominance of genes for complex resistance in one crossbreeding group. The best combinations with positive dominance in resistance to fusarium can be utilized in the development of highly resistant varieties.

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180-189 L.G. Matevosyan, A.A. Barbaryan, R.H. Ghazaran, A.G. Ghukasyan, M.H. Galstyan and S.S. Harutyunyan
Agro-biological evaluation of different groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties on the background of phosphorous-potash fertilizers in conditions of semi-desert soil zone
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Agro-biological evaluation of different groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties on the background of phosphorous-potash fertilizers in conditions of semi-desert soil zone

L.G. Matevosyan*, A.A. Barbaryan, R.H. Ghazaran, A.G. Ghukasyan, M.H. Galstyan and S.S. Harutyunyan

Scientific Centre of Agriculture, Isi-le-Mulino 1, AM1101 Ejmiatsin, Armavir region, Armenia
*Correspondence։ lusnyak.matevosyan81@mail.ru

Abstract:

In conditions of semi-desert soil zones of Armenia (1,130 m high above the sea level) the agro-biological properties of groundnut varieties Lia, Virginia, Mocket, TMV 3, Sevahatik (Black Seed) and Chinese have been studied with the aim of selecting their best options for further regionalization in the piedmont zones. The field experiments were conducted in 2020–2022. The calculations and laboratory analyses have indicated that the field germination capacity of the mentioned varieties is rather high fluctuating within the range of 77.5–81.0%, whereas the weight of 1,000 grains equaled to 515–545 g, the average yield – 2.77–3.33 t ha-1, the total nitrogen in the grains were 4.39–4.61%, crude proteinհում (per 5.70 factor of nitrogen) – 25.02–26.28%, total sugar contents – 14.11–16.63%, and fat content – 44.8–48.0%. The Mocket and Chinese varieties were distinguished by their yield capacity and qualitative indices of the yield and thus, the latter have been recommended for the cultivation in the farm households of the mentioned zone.

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301-312 O. Tkach, H. Pantsyreva, O. Ovcharuk, V. Ovcharuk, T. Padalko, L. Tkach and O. Аmorcite
Influence of feeding area on development, productivity and nutritional value of chicory
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Influence of feeding area on development, productivity and nutritional value of chicory

O. Tkach¹, H. Pantsyreva²*, O. Ovcharuk³, V. Ovcharuk¹, T. Padalko¹, L. Tkach¹ and O. Аmorcite¹

¹Higher Educational Institution ‘Podillia State University’, Department of postgraduate studies, Shevchenko, 12, UA 32316 Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine
²Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry,
Sonyachna street, 3, UA21008 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
³National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, agrobiological Faculty, Heroiv Oborony, 15, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: apantsyreva@ukr.net

Abstract:

One of the main agrotechnical measures, which largely depends on the yield and quality of root chicory, is the correct placement of plants on the area. With different methods of sowing, placement schemes make it possible to ensure favorable conditions for plant growth and development and the maximum use of mechanization during the period of care for crops and harvesting. It was determined that the structure of the feeding area of the root chicory plant affects photosynthetic productivity. Therefore, the highest indicators of the net productivity of photosynthesis were distinguished by the placement of plants on the feeding area according to the scheme 45×22.5 cm and 22.5×45 cm, which had a positive effect on the yield of root crops and their content of inulin polysaccharide. The article presents the results of experimental studies that solve the scientific and practical problem of studying the elements of root chicory growing technology due to the optimization of the area of plant nutrition and the uniformity of their placement on productivity and quality indicators. It has been experimentally proven that with an increased rate of photosynthetic potential at a feeding area of 60×60 cm (with a plant density of 30,000 ha, the Umansky-97 variety was 9.2 103×m-2 ha-1 per day, Umansky-99 – 9.3 103×m-2 ha-1 per day with a decrease in the feeding area (45×45, 35×35, 45×22.5 cm), this indicator slightly increased, on average by variety, it was 10.1 to 10.8 103×m–2 ha-1 per day. The highest indicator of inulin content in chicory root crops is the feeding area of 35×35 cm and was in the variety Umansky-97 – 18.5%, Umansky-99 – 18.7%, and the feeding area of 45×22.5 cm – 18.2% and 18.4%, respectively. Similarly, it was recorded that the feeding area of chicory plants significantly affects the yield of root crops. Thus, it was established that from a plant density of 60 to 120 103× ha-1, the productivity was on average 30 t ha-1 with an average weight of the root crop from 500 to 250 g, with an inulin content of 17.3 to 19.0%. According to the structure of the root crop, the productive part occupies on average from 82.7% to 91.6% of the total mass with inulin content from 17.3 to 19.0%.

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730-750 S. Kalenska, N. Novytska, V. Kalenskii, L. Garbar, T. Stolyarchuk, N. Doktor, S. Kormosh and A. Martunov
The efficiency of combined application of mineral fertilizers, inoculants in soybean growing technology, and functioning of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis under increasing nitrogen rates
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The efficiency of combined application of mineral fertilizers, inoculants in soybean growing technology, and functioning of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis under increasing nitrogen rates

S. Kalenska¹, N. Novytska¹, V. Kalenskii¹, L. Garbar¹, T. Stolyarchuk¹*, N. Doktor², S. Kormosh² and A. Martunov³

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Department of Plant Science, Heroiv Oborony Str., 15, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²SS NULES ‘Mukachevo agricultural college’, Matrosova Str., 32, UA89600 Mukachevo, Zakarpattya reg., Ukraine
³Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination, Henerala Rodymtseva Str., 15, UA03041, Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence:wisssy6@gmail.com

Abstract:

Soy is a valuable leguminous crop, whose productivity directly depends on many factors, among which nitrogen fertilizers are one of the most important. Nitrogen fertilizing of this crop is often given insufficient attention because the yield increase can be quite insignificant. The purpose of the research is to study the combined effect of biofertilizers and increasing rates of nitrogen mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, and yield of soybean varieties. The experiment is three-factorial: factor A – early ripening soybean varieties Annushka and Ustya, factor B – seeds inoculation by biofertilizer, and factor C – rates of mineral fertilizers application. Results of research show the efficiency of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis during seed inoculation was established for nitrogen rates from N0 to N60 against the background of P60K60 – the biomass of nodule bacteria is 418–675 mg plant-1. The application of N90P60K60 significantly reduces the number and mass of nodule bacteria – 207–241; N120P60K60 – 32.0–42.0 mg plant-1, and with the introduction of P60K60 + N150–180 nodule bacteria are not formed and the effectiveness of microbiological drugs is not recorded. Nitrogenase activity with N0–90 application on the background of P60K60 and seed inoculation ranged from 3.25 to 7.76 μmol C2H4 per plant ha-1. With a further increase in nitrogen levels, nitrogenase activity was not recorded. On typical chernozems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, higher yields of early-ripening soybean varieties are formed by applying N60P60K60 and pre-sowing seeds treatment with rhizohumin or rhizohumin/hetomics combination. P60K60N150–180 showed a partial decrease in soybean yield due to the distress effect.

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774-784 I. Poliakova, O. Polyakov and K. Vedmedeva
Comparative analysis of oil flax varieties according to economically valuable traits in the Steppe zone of Ukraine
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Comparative analysis of oil flax varieties according to economically valuable traits in the Steppe zone of Ukraine

I. Poliakova¹*, O. Polyakov² and K. Vedmedeva²

¹Zaporizhzhia National University (ZNU), Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, 66 Zhukovskogo Str., UA69600 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
²Institute of Oilseed Crops, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Institutskaya Str., UA69093 Sonyachne village, Zaporizhzhia oblast, Ukraine
*Correspondence: ira.linum@gmail.com

Abstract:

Interest in oil flax has been growing in recent decades. Linseed oil is a fast-drying oil and it is traditionally used in the production of linoleum, paints and coatings. Due to their content of essential polyunsaturated acids and vitamins, the growing use of flax seeds and oils in food and medicine has significantly increased the volume of its cultivation in different countries. This article presents the main research results for 2018−2020 of a large group of varieties of oil flax of Zaporizhzhia breeding for economically valuable traits. The purpose of research is to establish the genotypes that form the highest yields and oil content in arid conditions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine. It was found that the most productive year was 2020 due to more favorable temperatures and even distribution of precipitation during the growing season of oil flax. It was found that the yield of oil flax had a high correlation coefficient with weather conditions (r = 0.67) especially from precipitation in May-June (r = 0.60). A detailed study of the correlation between yield and habit traits and the main economically valuable traits revealed a close direct correlation between oil flax yield and seed weight per 1 plant (r = 0.99), yield and number of lateral stems per plant (r = 0.93), yield and number of bolls and seeds per 1 plant (r = 0.77), yield and weight of 1,000 seeds (r = 0.73), yield and duration of the growing season (r = 0.65). According to the results of three-year research, the highest yield was obtained from the variety Vodohrai 1.79 t ha-1. The highest oil content and oil yield per hectare were formed by varieties Vodohrai 50.1% and 0.80 t ha-1, Zolotystyi 49.7% and 0.76 t ha-1, Aisberh 48.3% and 0.72 t ha-1.

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91-102 I.P. Diordiieva, L.O. Riabovol, Ya.S. Riabovol, O.P. Serzhuk, Iu.І. Nakloka, О.P. Nakloka and S.P. Karychkovska
Breeding and genetic improvement of soft winter wheat with the use of spelt wheat
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Breeding and genetic improvement of soft winter wheat with the use of spelt wheat

I.P. Diordiieva¹, L.O. Riabovol¹, Ya.S. Riabovol², O.P. Serzhuk¹, Iu.І. Nakloka³, О.P. Nakloka⁴ and S.P. Karychkovska⁵

¹Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, 1 Institytska Str., 20300 Uman, Ukraine
²Limagrain Ukraine LLC, 55 Turgenevskaya Str., 04050 Kiev, Ukraine
³Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of General Agriculture, 1 Institytska Str., 20300 Uman, Ukraine
⁴Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Vegetable growing, 1 Institytska Str., 20300 Uman, Ukraine
⁵Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Management, Department of Ukrainian and foreign languages, 1 Institytska Str., 20300 Uman, Ukraine
*Correspondence: diordieva201443@gmail.com

Abstract:

In the process of carrying out studies as a result of hybridization of soft wheat with spelt wheat, a number of new forms that differ in morphobiological and economically valuable features were obtained. The aim of the research was to expand the genetic diversity of soft wheat by hybridization with spelt wheat, analysis of the heterotic effect in hybrids in order to systematize the samples and obtain valuable original forms for the breeding process of creating high-yielding varieties.

As a result of research the breeding technology of creating high-yielding forms of soft winter wheat by cross-species hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. × Triticum spelta L. has been improved. It has been determined that the plant height and ear length in hybrids are inherited by type of intermediate inheritance or negative dominance, the number of grains in the ear – by type of intermediate inheritance or positive dominance; ear grain weight – by type of superdominance or positive dominance. In F2 hybrids there is a dihybrid cleavage into forms with speltoid, squarehead and typical ear with a quantitative predominance of speltoid plants, which indicates the control of the ‘ear shape’ indication by two non-allelic genes. The ear shape of the soft wheat original varieties in relation to speltoid varieties turned out to be a recessive trait, but at the same time it was dominant to a squarehead form. Regardless of the genotypes of soft wheat included in the combination of crossbreeding with spelt wheat, red color ear indication was determined by a monogenic type of inheritance. Varieties of soft winter wheat Artaplot, Umanska Tsarivna and Freya have been created, which are included in the State Registry of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine and recommended for cultivation in Polissia.

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1675-1690 O. Zavadska, І. Bobos, I. Fedosiy, H. Podpriatov, O. Komar, B. Mazur and J. Olt
Suitability of various onion (allium cepa) varieties for drying and long-term storage
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Suitability of various onion (allium cepa) varieties for drying and long-term storage

O. Zavadska¹, І. Bobos¹, I. Fedosiy¹, H. Podpriatov¹, O. Komar¹, B. Mazur¹ and J. Olt²*

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroyiv Oborony Str., UA 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology, 56 Kreutzwaldi Str., EE 51006 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: jyri.olt@emu.ee

Abstract:

In the paper, the results are presented obtained in the research into the fresh bulbs and the dried products of 9 onion varieties cultivated in the conditions of the Ukrainian Forest Steppe area with regard to their economical biology, biochemical, marketability and organoleptic indices. The varieties that are most suitable for convection drying and long-term storage have been identified. It has been established that the marketability of both the fresh bulbs and dried products depends on the masses of the bulbs. The Bronze d’Amposta and Harmony varieties deliver the greatest amount of marketable output (94.0 and 93.2%) featuring marketable bulbs with masses of 67.4 g and 70.4 g, respectively (r = 0.82). As the bulb mass increases, the amount of non-standard (r = –0.81) and small (r = –0.76) particles in the dried product decreases substantially. It has been found that the content of solid matter and sugars in fresh bulbs has effect on the yield and quality of the dried and reconstituted products. The Harmony and Skvirskaya varieties, the bulbs of which during the vegetation season build up 12.9% and 13.8% of solid matter, respectively, are distinguished by the highest dry product yield – 17.1 and 16.8%, respectively. Correlation has been established between the contents of solid matter and sugars in fresh bulbs (r = + 0.58). During the tasting of reconstituted onion products, the highest scores were awarded to the samples produced from the Skvirskaya and Harmony varieties – 7.0 points each on the 9-point scale, as their bulbs had accumulated over 7.0% of sugars (total). Judging by the aggregate of the researched indices, the Harmony and Skvirskaya varieties of onions are the most suitable for convection drying. It has been established that the preservation of onions in the conditions of stationary buried storage without artificial cooling depends on the duration of storage and the specific varietal features. Within the five months of the test storage, the preservation of bulbs of all the varieties was high and varied within the range of 80–93%. Longer storage is expedient only in case of the Harmony, Skvirskaya and Gospodinya, for which the bulb preservation rates for a seven month storage period has been shown to be equal to 90.2, 88.4 and 87.2%, respectively. It has been proved that the quantity of healthy bulbs depends to a significant extent on the solid matter content in the bulbs (r = 0.93).

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1873-1887 I. Plūduma-Pauniņa, Z. Gaile and G. Bimšteine
Sowing time effect on yield and quality of field beans in a changing meteorological situation in the Baltic region
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Sowing time effect on yield and quality of field beans in a changing meteorological situation in the Baltic region

I. Plūduma-Pauniņa¹²*, Z. Gaile¹ and G. Bimšteine¹

¹Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies (LLU), Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Soil and Plant Science, Liela street 2, Jelgava LV–3001, Latvia
²LLU, Faculty of Agriculture, Research and Study Farm “Pēterlauki”, Platone parish, LV–3021, Latvia

Abstract:

As field beans (Vicia faba L.) need a lot of moisture to germinate, growers believe that they should be sown as early as possible in the spring. Field trial was carried out at the LLU RSF “Pēterlauki”, from 2018 to 2020. Following factors were researched: A) sowing time (early, medium and late), B) variety (‘Laura’, ‘Boxer’, ‘Isabell’), C) sowing rate (30, 40, 50 germinable seeds m-2), D) fungicide application (without and with application of fungicide at the GS 61-65). Meteorological conditions during the study had the greatest impact on the results as they were contrasting. Adverse meteorological conditions for field bean growing were observed in 2018 and in spring and early summer of 2019. The best year for bean yield formation was 2020, when temperature and precipitation was moderate. The highest average three year been yield was obtained sowing beans at the medium sowing time, however, equivalent yield was obtained sowing beans also in early sowing time. Fungicide application increased average three year yield significantly (p = 0.007) and independently of the sowing time. Influence of variety and sowing rate on average three year yield was insignificant, and it was not proved that any variety or sowing rate could be more suitable in a specific sowing time. Average three-year values of crude protein content, thousand seed weight and volume weight were affected by sowing time significantly (p < 0.001). Trial year, variety and fungicide application also affected all quality parameters significantly (p < 0.05), but the effect of sowing rate was insignificant (p > 0.05).

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224-231 E.P. Shanina and G.A. Likhodeyevsky
Evaluation of interspecific potato breeding material with a complex of genes of immunity to Potato virus Y using molecular markers
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Evaluation of interspecific potato breeding material with a complex of genes of immunity to Potato virus Y using molecular markers

E.P. Shanina* and G.A. Likhodeyevsky

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», 112A Belinskogo Str., RU620142 Yekaterinburg, Russia
*Correspondence: shanina08@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The article presents the results of research on potato culture, the presence of Ryadg, Rysto, and Rychc genes in complex interspecific potato hybrids, and based on the use of the DNA markers for selection of resistant forms to Potato virus Y (PVY). These genes are derived from different genetic sources of the species Solanum andigenum, S. stoloniferum and S. chacoense, respectively. The selected potato forms with a complex of agronomic characters are recommended for inclusion in the selection process, for creation of new varieties, as well as as a valuable source material for interspecific hybridization.

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