Tag Archives: waste.

2391–2409 H. Kaletnik, I. Sevostianov, V. Bulgakov, I. Holovach, V. Melnik, Ye. Ihnatiev and J. Olt,
Development and examination of high-performance fluidised-bed vibration drier for processing food production waste
Abstract |
Full text PDF (828 KB)

Development and examination of high-performance fluidised-bed vibration drier for processing food production waste

H. Kaletnik¹, I. Sevostianov¹, V. Bulgakov², I. Holovach², V. Melnik³, Ye. Ihnatiev⁴ and J. Olt⁵,*

¹ Vinnytsia National Agrarian University of Ukraine, 3 Soniachna Str., UA21008 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
² National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroyiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³ Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, 44 Alchevskih Str., Kharkiv, UA61002, Ukraine
⁴ Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, 18B, Khmelnytsky Ave, UA72310 Melitopol, Zaporozhye Region,Ukraine
⁵ 5Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology, 56 Kreutzwaldi Str., EE51006 Tartu, Estonia

Abstract:

Drying and processing wet particulate food production waste, such as distillery dreg, brewer’s grains, beet pulp, spent coffee and barley slurry etc. for their further use as cattle fodder or fuel is an important and topical problem, which needs effective solutions. As a solution of the problem, the authors have developed improved equipment and a fluidised bed vibration drier, which ensures reaching the required output of the work process and final moisture content in the waste at a minimum power and material intensity and features the combination of the high feasibility with the high reliability of design. In order to validate the improved drying work process together with the optimum parameters of the vibration drier, theoretical investigations based on the mathematical model of the process developed by the authors have been carried out. The process of the vibration drier’s frame oscillating together with the waste has been examined, which has resulted in the generation of the differential equation that analytically describes the said process. The work process under consideration has been researched into from the thermophysical point of view using the specific initial data typical for the specific food producer. The research has resulted in obtaining the following design and process parameters of the vibration drier, in particular, for its heating pipes: diameter rt = 0.1 m; length lt = 5 m; number nt = 20, heat-transfer factor Kp = 30 and the final temperature of the dried food production waste to2 = 80 °C. The listed parameters provide for reaching the required final moisture content in the dried food production waste. Also, new relations have been generated for determining the principal process parameters of the improved drier (productive capacity, heat consumption, mass of heat carrier, waste conveyance speed, sizes and masses of the drier’s actuating elements). The obtained relations can be applied in the further theoretical and experimental research on the drier as well as the development of standard methods for its design and calculation.

Key words:

, , , , , ,



904–914 N.F. Luiz, D. Cecchin, A.R.G. Azevedo, J. Alexandre, M.T. Marvila, F.C. Da Silva, A.L.C. Paes, V.D. Pinheiro, D.F. Do Carmo, P.F.P Ferraz, C.M. Hüther, V.M.F. Da Cruz and M. Barbari
Characterization of materials used in the manufacture of ceramic tile with incorporation of ornamental rock waste
Abstract |
Full text PDF (442 KB)

Characterization of materials used in the manufacture of ceramic tile with incorporation of ornamental rock waste

N.F. Luiz¹, D. Cecchin¹*, A.R.G. Azevedo¹, J. Alexandre², M.T. Marvila², F.C. Da Silva¹, A.L.C. Paes², V.D. Pinheiro², D.F. Do Carmo¹, P.F.P Ferraz³, C.M. Hüther¹, V.M.F. Da Cruz⁴ and M. Barbari⁵

¹Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Engineering school, Department of Agricultural Engineering and Environment, Street Passo da Pátria, n.156, postal code: BR24210-240, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
²North Fluminense State University (UENF), Civil Engineering Department, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
³Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Department of Agricultural Engineering, Campus Universitário, PO Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
⁴University of Évora, Polo da Mitra - Department of Rural Engineering - Évora/Portugal
⁵University of Firenze, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Via San Bonaventura 13, IT50145 Firenze, Italy
*Correspondence: daianececchin@yahoo.com.br

Abstract:

The production of ceramic tiles, such as tiles, has a great environmental impact, either in the extraction of natural raw materials or gas emissions in the burning stages. The use of industrial solid waste in ceramic materials can contribute to the reduction of these impacts, according to the characteristics of solid waste and its interaction with ceramic materials in the processing steps. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the materials needed to make a ceramic tile with incorporation of ornamental rock waste (ORW), thus evaluating its main characteristics regarding the feasibility of this incorporation. The physical characterization of the clays used in the production of ceramic artifacts was performed, and for the waste the mineralogical analyzes were performed, through x-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructure analysis from confocal optical microscopy, after sintering the prototypes and chemical analysis by X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Soon after the raw materials went through the step of conformation and preparation of the prismatic specimens by the process of extrusion of the ceramic mass, with an incorporation of the ORW in 0% and 15% of the ceramic mass, for its subsequent The prototypes were sintered at three different temperatures (850 °C, 950 °C and 1,050 °C). The specimens were submitted to technological tests of mechanical resistance, water absorption, firing shrinkage and porosity to evaluate the incorporation viability. The results indicated the presence of quartz particles in all raw materials, and also that the clays of the study region are predominantly kaolinitic. The presence of these materials in the ceramic masses directly influences the micrographs, because they result in the formation of liquid phase, inert particles that can turn the site into a stress concentration point and when incorporated in the ORW the specimens met the technical specifications of the Brazilian standard for application on ceramic tiles. The results found in the technological tests carried out, that the incorporation of 15% of ornamental rock waste in both clays did not affect the tile properties, indicating the feasibility of incorporating this waste in civil construction, minimizing the impacts generated.

Key words:

, , ,



905–914 K. Tihomirova, V. Denisova, L. Jaudzema and L. Mezule
Hydrolysed biomass waste as a potential biosorbent of zinc from water
Abstract |
Full text PDF (297 KB)

Hydrolysed biomass waste as a potential biosorbent of zinc from water

K. Tihomirova*, V. Denisova, L. Jaudzema and L. Mezule

Riga Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Research Centre for Civil Engineering, Water Research Laboratory, Kipsalas 6a–263, LV–1048 Riga, Latvia
*Correspondence: kristina.tihomirova@rtu.lv

Abstract:

In the last 10 years recycling of various materials and metal recovery from waste with low cost biosorbents or agricultural biomass has become popular trend. Lignocellulosic biomass is regarded as a sustainable resource for biofuel production. In this process, lignocellulosic biomass is partly degraded during chemical or biological hydrolysis, as a result, these agricultural waste materials usually present a disposal problem and have no economic value. Therefore, reuse of lignocellulosic waste materials as inexpensive and alternative sorbent for heavy metals in polluted aqueous solution.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the applicability of hydrolysed biomass waste for zinc removal from water solution. To evaluate the potential use of lignocellulosic biomass for biosorption, experiments were performed with dry, washed from organic matter and hydrolysed hay. The results showed that hydrolysed hay have lower biosorption capacity than washed and dried hay, however, it still can be used as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of Zn in polluted aqueous solutions, because it showed relatively high cink sorption capasity (336–391 mg g-1).

Key words:

, , , ,



291-298 P. Valášek and M. Müller
EPDM rubber material utilization in epoxy composite systems
Abstract |
Full text PDF (429 KB)

EPDM rubber material utilization in epoxy composite systems

P. Valášek* and M. Müller

¹Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague; *Correspondence: valasekp@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

Observing of possibilities for secondary raw materials utilization should rank among the key interests of the society. Nowadays, there are a lot of modern workplaces which are devoted to the possibilities of collecting, processing and using rubber materials. EPDM waste rubber in the form of particles is one of the many products of these workplaces. One of the possibilities for recycling this waste particles material is their interaction with another polymeric material. A reactoplastic which is filled with these particles comes into consideration. This way of utilization of the material is inexpensive and simple. The paper focuses on chosen mechanical qualities of the Epoxy/EPDM waste rubber composite. The waste rubber was gained as one of the outputs of a recycling line of the firm Gumoeko, Ltd., the reactoplastic was represented by a two-component epoxy resin. Distraction of rubber particles in the epoxy matrix was achieved by mechanical mixing without using the technology of vacuum. In the paper, the porosity, tensile strength and shear strength of the composites with various concentrations of EPDM are described. The resulting composite systems may find their application in the field of agriculture – especially during joining and sealing materials of larger units where high quality connections are not required.

Key words:

, , ,