Tag Archives: winter wheat

523-536 S. Polishchuk, L. Holyk, N. Havryliuk, L. Kuzmenko, M. Shtakal, N. Tkachenko, V. Bulgakov, S. Ivanovs and A. Rucins
Resistance of the soft winter wheat varieties to pests and their productivity in the northern forest-steppe zone
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Resistance of the soft winter wheat varieties to pests and their productivity in the northern forest-steppe zone

S. Polishchuk¹, L. Holyk¹, N. Havryliuk¹, L. Kuzmenko¹, M. Shtakal¹, N. Tkachenko¹, V. Bulgakov², S. Ivanovs³ and A. Rucins³*

¹National Scientific Centre, Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine, 2 b, Mashinobudivnikiv Str., Chabany vil., Kyiv - Svyatoshin Dist., UA 08162 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Engineering and Energetics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Ulbroka Research Centre, 1 Instituta Str., LV 2130 Ulbroka, Ropazu Region, Stopinu Municipality, Latvia
*Correspondence: adolfs.rucins@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

There are highlighted the results of research in order to determine the field and laboratory resistance of the winter wheat varieties in a competitive variety testing at the National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of NAAS (2016–2020) against pests, and the level of their productivity is assessed. Among the studied varieties of winter wheat, varieties with complex resistance were found: to cereal aphids, wheat thrips powdery mildew and brown leaf rust – variety Efektna; to cereal aphids, wheat thrips and leaf rust – varieties Polisianka, Pyriatynka, Krasunia Poliska, Vodohrai, Kesariia Poliska, Myroliubna, Romanivna, Pamiati Hirka, and standard Lisova Pisnia St. When varieties were grown without the use of fungicides, insecticides and growth regulators, their yield varied over the years from 2.99 t ha^–1 to 10.71 t ha^–1. The best varieties of soft winter wheat in terms of their productivity were identified in the northern Forest – Steppe zone, which are included in the State Register of the plant varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine – Kesariia Poliska (7.67 t ha^–1), Pyriatynka (7.10 t ha^–1), Myroliubna (7.08 t ha^–1), Merezhka (6.77 t ha^–1), Kraeivyd (6.71 t ha^–1), Pamiati Hirka (6.61 t ha^–1), Polisianka (6.51 t ha^–1) and Efektna (6.36 t ha^–1). Consequently, with proper selection of the winter wheat varieties, it is possible to significantly limit the harmfulness of pests and diseases, to reduce the amount of the used pesticides, to increase the grain productivity, and to improve its commercial and seed quality.

Key words:

allelic state of a gene, diseases, pests, productivity, resistant varieties, winter wheat

52-71 G.V. Avagyan and H.S. Martirosyan
Fusarium head blight in winter wheat: development peculiarities and protective strategies
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Fusarium head blight in winter wheat: development peculiarities and protective strategies

G.V. Avagyan¹* and H.S. Martirosyan²

¹Armenian National Agrarian University, Chair of Horticulture and Plant Protection, 74 Teryan Str., AM0009 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia (RA)
²‘Agrobiotechnology Scientific Center’ Branch of Armenian National Agrarian University (ANAU), 1 Isi–Le–Mulino Str., AM1101 Ejmiatsin, Republic of Armenia (RA)
*Correspondence: gayaneavagyan@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Fusarium head blight (FHB, caused by the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) is a widespread fungal disease in the Republic of Armenia, affecting various cereal crops, including wheat, leading to a decrease in productivity and grain quality. However, comprehensive research aimed at selecting proper fungicides and determining the optimal application timing has not been conducted before.

FHB can undergo epidemic development during years characterized by favorable weather conditions. Conversely, during periods of adverse weather conditions, the severity and incidence of FHB tend to decrease notably. Abundant rainfall and mild temperatures render plants more susceptible, facilitating the spread of infection not only during the flowering of winter wheat but also at the waxy ripening stage, thereby increasing the risk of an FHB epidemic.

The experiments were carried out during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons under rain-fed conditions, with the primary focus on treating winter wheat with triazole group fungicides.

During years with adverse weather conditions for FHB development, a single application of Falcon (0.5 L ha^-1) or Prosaro (1.0 L ha^-1) at Feekes 10.5.1 proved to be an effective strategy for managing FHB, particularly when integrated with cultural practices. These treatments provided a biological efficacy of 80.6% to 83.3% at Feeks 11.2, and from 76.6% to 79.4% at harvest, respectively, increasing wheat yield by 37.62% to 42.9%.

In the case of epidemic development of FHB during years with more favorable weather conditions, a double fungicide treatment (Falcon or at Feekes 10.3 and Prosaro at Feekes 10.5.1) was the most effective option, showing high biological efficacy (97.4% at Feeks 11.2 and 90.3% at harvest) against FHB of winter wheat, increasing wheat yield by 40.1%.

Key words:

biological efficacy, Fusarium head blight, triazole fungicides, winter wheat

329-345 A.L. Abreu, G.A.S. Ferraz, R. Morais, N.L. Bento, L. Conti, G. Bambi and P.F.P. Ferraz
Use of geostatistical analyses for wheat production areas throung the variables NDVI, surface temperature and yield
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Use of geostatistical analyses for wheat production areas throung the variables NDVI, surface temperature and yield

A.L. Abreu¹, G.A.S. Ferraz¹*, R. Morais¹, N.L. Bento¹, L. Conti³, G. Bambi³ and P.F.P. Ferraz¹

¹Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, School of Engineering, Department of Engineering (EENG/DEA), Aquenta Sol, P.O.Brox 3037, 37200-900 Lavras - MG, Brazil
²University of Florence – UniFI, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Via San Bonaventura, 13, 50145 Florence, Italy
*Correspondence:gabriel.ferraz@ufla.br

Abstract:

Geostatistics is a crucial tool for data analysis in the field of precision agriculture, allowing the characterization of spatial variability magnitude, optimizing profitability and yield in agricultural areas. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the spatial dependence of the variables yield, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and surface temperature in winter wheat plants. This was achieved through fitting semivariograms with different statistical models and interpolating the study variables using Ordinary kriging. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Santa Helena, located in the municipality of Lavras in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with a 12-hectare winter wheat crop of the TBIO Calibre variety. Data were collected using a grid sampling method at different stages of wheat plant growth (tillering and elongation). The analyzed variables included yield, NDVI, and surface temperature. Statistical analyses were performed using the R software. Initially, the spatial dependence of the study variables was analyzed by fitting semivariograms using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method and considering spherical, exponential, and gaussian models. The evaluation of errors was carried out through cross-validation, and subsequently, the data interpolation was performed using ordinary kriging with the best-fitted semivariogram model. The results demonstrated a proper fit of semivariograms for the study models, with the spherical model standing out for surface temperature variables (elongation and tillering), NDVI (tillering), and the exponential model for NDVI (elongation) and yield. Therefore, the use of geostatistics is emphasized as an important tool to assist in precision agriculture management in winter wheat crops.

Key words:

active sensor, cross-validation, spatial analyses, vegetation index, winter wheat

1199-1212 O. Litvinova, S. Dehodiuk, D. Litvinov, O. Havryliuk, A. Kyrychenko, N. Borys and O. Dmytrenko
Efficiency of technology elements for growing winter wheat on typical chernozem
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Efficiency of technology elements for growing winter wheat on typical chernozem

O. Litvinova¹, S. Dehodiuk², D. Litvinov¹, O. Havryliuk¹*, A. Kyrychenko², N. Borys³ and O. Dmytrenko⁴

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Agrobiological faculty, 12А, 13 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses, 2-B Mashynobudivnykiv Str., UA08162 Chabany, Kyiv region, Ukraine
³National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Scientific staff and post-graduate studies Department, 9 Omelyanovich-Pavlenko Str., UA01010 Kyiv, Ukraine
⁴State Institution Soils Protection Institute of Ukraine, 3 Babushkina lane, UA03190 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: o.havryliuk@nubip.edu.ua

Abstract:

The use of traditional tillage technologies in short-rotational crop rotations increases the cost of agricultural production and has a negative impact on the environment. The research was aimed at establishing and improving the ways winter wheat yield increase in short-rotational crop rotations depending on the efficiency of the main tillage system and fertilizing on typical chernozems s in conditions of unstable moisture in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted at the Department of Agrochemistry National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses at the Panfil Research Station of the National Scientific Center Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in a stationary technological experiment, on typical low-humus chernozem in 2 short rotation crop rotations with the following crops rotation: crop rotation 1 – winter rape (Brassica napus L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), grain maize (Zea mays), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L); crop rotation 2 – soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L). The article presents the results of research in two short-rotation crop rotations with the placement of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) after winter rape (Brassica napus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) against the background of two tillage systems: ploughing (25–27 cm) and no-till (direct sowing). The impact of different methods of soil cultivation and fertilizing systems on the humus content and nutrient regime of typical chernozems in the agrocenosis of winter wheat was determined. It was established that in winter wheat, placed after winter rapeseed and soybeans, there is a tendency to increase the humus content under zero tillage up to 15% relative to the control (without fertilizers) and from 5–14% relative to moldboard tillage (25–27 cm ploughing). The most effective in nutrient accumulation was fertilizing system N₍₉₀₎P₂О₅₍₉₀₎K₂О₍₉₀₎ applied after rape and after soybean. Respectively, the content of mobile phosphorus compounds increased by 10–18% and potassium by 1.3–2.0 times compared to the control (without fertilizers) with the advantage of no-tillcultivation technology. The given comparative assessment of the yield formation of winter wheat when growing it after different pre-crops showed that the average yield of winter wheat grain in both cultivations on the control option for the soybean pre-crop was 3.55 t ha^-1 and 4.00 t ha^-1 for rape. The highest increases in grain yield on average over the years of research were provided by the fertilizing system of 50–54% (N₍₉₀₎P₂О₅₍₉₀₎K₂О₍₉₀₎) for growing winter wheat after soybeans and 39–47% (N₍₉₀₎P₂О₅₍₉₀₎K₂О₍₉₀₎) on the winter rape
pre-crop with the advantage of moldboard tillage (ploughing) in crop cultivation technologies. The fertilizing system with the introduction of N₍₁₆₎P₂О₍₁₆₎K₂О₍₁₆₎ has the prospect of spreading because, in terms of the formation of typical indicators of chernozem fertility and the yield of winter wheat grain, it approaches technologies with the introduction of N₍₁₂₀₎P₂О_5(90–60)K₂О_(100–90) with significant cost savings for mineral fertilizers.

Key words:

fertilizing system, productivity, short-rotational crop rotations, soil nutrient regime, tillage system, winter wheat

785-792 P. Pysarenko, M. Samojlik, M. Galytska, Y. Tsova, A. Kalinichenko and M. Bąk
Ecotoxicological assessment of mineralized stratum water as an environmentally friendly substitute for agrochemicals
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Ecotoxicological assessment of mineralized stratum water as an environmentally friendly substitute for agrochemicals

P. Pysarenko¹, M. Samojlik¹, M. Galytska¹*, Y. Tsova¹, A. Kalinichenko²* and M. Bąk²

¹Poltava State Agrarian University, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnology, Breeding and Ecology, Department of Ecology, Sustainable Nature Management and Environmental Protection, 1/3 Skovorody Str., UA36003 Poltava, Ukraine
²University of Opole, Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotehnology, 6 Komina Str., UA45-032 Opole, Poland
*Correspondence: maryna.galytska@pdaa.edu.ua; akalinichenko@uni.opole.pl

Abstract:

As a result of military operations on the territory of Ukraine, sown areas are reduced, the cost of plant protection products and fertilizers increases which emphasizes the problem of obtaining maximum yields from a smaller area of farmland. Given that a shortage of food grains can cause a global food crisis, research on the use of MSW as an environmentally friendly substitute for agrochemicals is relevant today. The aim of the research was to assess the ecotoxicological properties of MSW as an environmentally friendly substitute for synthetic agrochemicals. The impact of MSW as a fertilizer on soil chemical properties and assessment of MSW phytotoxicity as an herbicide for weeds and productivity of winter wheat were studied under field conditions. Toxicological assessment of MSW under laboratory conditions was carried out according to the following parameters: acute oral toxicity and resorptive-toxic effect of MSW. As a result of the assessment of MSW impact on soil chemical properties, it was found that significant soil acidification occurs only when MSW dose of more than 2,400 L ha^-1is used. The content of nitrates and oil products did not increase and there was no soil salinity when the MSW was used in doses of 300–1,200 L ha^-1. It was determined that the greatest decrease in weed plant biomass (85.5%) was observed when 100% concentration of MSW was used in a dose of 350 L ha^-1. As a consequence, with reduced weed infestation, there was a 21.5% increase in winter wheat yield if 100% MSW was used and a 19.1% increase if 75% MSW was used. As a result of the toxicological assessment of MSW, it was found that it belongs to low-toxic compounds. These results of ecotoxicological investigation of MSW make it possible to assert that its use is safe in agriculture, in particular as an environmentally safe organomineral fertilizer and herbicide.

Key words:

ecotoxicological assessment, mineralized stratum water, phytotoxicity, soil, winter wheat

414-423 A. Švarta, G. Bimšteine, Z. Gaile, J. Kaņeps and I. Plūduma-Pauniņa
Winter wheat leaf blotches development depending on fungicide treatment and nitrogen level in two contrasting years
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Winter wheat leaf blotches development depending on fungicide treatment and nitrogen level in two contrasting years

A. Švarta*, G. Bimšteine, Z. Gaile, J. Kaņeps and I. Plūduma-Pauniņa

Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Lielā iela 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
*Correspondence: agrita.svarta@llu.lv

Abstract:

Tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis)and Septoria tritici blotch (caused by Zymoseptoria tritici) are the most widespread winter wheat leaf diseases in Latvia. The aim of the present research was to clarify the development of leaf blotches on winter wheat depending on fungicide treatment schemes under four nitrogen rates. A two-factorial trial was conducted at the Research and Study farm “Pēterlauki” (Latvia) of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. For this study, data from the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons was used. Four schemes of fungicide application and an untreated variant, as well as four nitrogen rates (N120, N150, N180, and N210 kg ha^-1) were used. The total disease impact during the vegetation period was estimated by calculating the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The severity of leaf blotches in winter wheat leaves differed significantly during both vegetation seasons. Tan spot was the dominant disease in 2019 (18.7% in untreated variant). The development of tan spot was reduced by fungicide treatment; however, only in 2019, the influence of fungicide was significant. Septoria tritici blotch was the dominant disease in 2020 (11.4% in untreated variant), and its development was decreased by fungicides. Nitrogen fertilizer rate had no significant effect on the development of Septoria tritici blotches. Yield harvested in 2020 were significantly higher than those in 2019 (on average 5.23 t ha^-1 in 2019, 8.40 t ha^-1 in 2020). The using of fungicides provided significant increase of yield but there were no significant differences among fungicide treatment schemes.

Key words:

control, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, values of AUDPC, winter wheat, Zymoseptoria tritici

562–573 M. Mostipan, K. Vasylkovska, O. Andriienko, M. Kovalov and N. Umrykhin
Productivity of winter wheat in the northern Steppe of Ukraine depending on weather conditions in the early spring period
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Productivity of winter wheat in the northern Steppe of Ukraine depending on weather conditions in the early spring period

M. Mostipan¹, K. Vasylkovska¹*, O. Andriienko¹, M. Kovalov¹ and N. Umrykhin²

¹Central Ukrainian National Technical University (CUNTU), Department of General Agriculture, University Avenue, 8, UA25006 Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine
²Institute of Steppe Agriculture, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Street Central, 2, UA 27602 Sozonivka village, Kirovohrad region, Ukraine
*Correspondence: vasilkovskakv@ukr.net

Abstract:

The objective of the research was to develop scientific and methodological bases for adapting the technology of growing winter wheat depending on weather conditions in early spring. Winter wheat was grown at different sowing dates. It is established that the reserves of productive moisture in the soil at the time of renewal of spring vegetation are crucial for the formation of winter wheat harvest. After worse forecrop, the impact of moisture on productivity reaches 49.7–66.4%. The later the renewal of spring vegetation of winter wheat is, the lower the productivity of the crops. The shorter the period from the date of transition of the average daily air temperature above 0 °C to the beginning of active vegetation of plants is, the higher the productivity of winter wheat crops. Therefore, depending on weather conditions of early spring period and the time of renewal of spring vegetation of plants, it is necessary to adjust the technology of growing winter wheat during the spring-summer period.

Key words:

protein hydrolysate, sowing dates, timing of vegetation renewal, weather conditions, winter wheat, yield

540–551 M. Lozinskiy, L. Burdenyuk-Tarasevych, M. Grabovskyi, T. Lozinska, V. Sabadyn, I. Sidorova, T. Panchenko, Y. Fedoruk and Y. Kumanska
Evaluation of selected soft winter wheat lines for main ear grain weight
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Evaluation of selected soft winter wheat lines for main ear grain weight

M. Lozinskiy¹, L. Burdenyuk-Tarasevych¹, M. Grabovskyi²*, T. Lozinska³, V. Sabadyn¹, I. Sidorova¹, T. Panchenko², Y. Fedoruk² and Y. Kumanska¹

¹Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Department of Genetics, Breeding and Seed production, Sq. Soborna 8/1, UA09100, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine
²Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Department of Technologies in Plant Growing and Plant Protection, Sq. Soborna 8/1, UA09100, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine
³Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Department of Forestry, Botany and Plant Physiology, Sq. Soborna 8/1, UA09100, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine
*Correspondence: nikgr1977@gmail.com

Abstract:

Studies to assess the breeding samples of soft winter wheat by weight of grain from the main ear and determine the indicators of adaptability were conducted at the Bila Tserkva Research and Selection Station (BTRSS) in 2011–2013. The study revealed significant differences in breeding lines in the range of variability of grain mass from the main ear and identified small, medium and significant coefficients of variation, which indicates their excellent response to environmental conditions. It was due to genotype, year conditions and their interaction. Line 42 KS had significantly higher than the standard grain weight of the main ear (0.14 g) and the lowest value of the coefficient of variation (8.7%). According to the indicators of adaptability (GAC, σ²(GxE)gi, σ²SACi, σSACi, etc.) the lines 42 KS, 24 KS and 44 KS were distinguished. There was a significant correlation between the weight of grain from the ear and the weight of 1,000 grains (0.603–0.674) and the direct influence of the weight of grain from the main ear on the weight of grain from the plant and grain yield (0.805–0.942). Selected lines as a result of research (2015–2020) from these populations of soft winter wheat are competitively tested in the conditions of Bila Tserkva Research and Selection Station, forming high grain yields (7.39–8.12 t ha^-1) and will be transferred to 2021 for the State variety test for inclusion in the Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine.

Key words:

adaptability, correlation, plasticity, stability, variability, winter wheat

2103-2116 М.І. Kulyk, А.О. Rozhkov, О.V. Kalinichenko, А.О. Taranenko and О.V. Onopriienko
Effect of winter wheat variety, hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) on protein content, grain and protein yield
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Effect of winter wheat variety, hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) on protein content, grain and protein yield

М.І. Kulyk¹, А.О. Rozhkov², О.V. Kalinichenko¹, А.О. Taranenko¹* and О.V. Onopriienko¹

¹Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Faculty of Agrotechnology and ecology, 1/3 Skovorody street UA36003 Poltava, Ukraine
²Kharkiv National Agrarian University. V. V. Dokuchaev, Agronomy Department, p/v Dokuchaevske – 2, UA62483 Kharkiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: anna.taranenko@pdaa.edu.ua

Abstract:

The aim of the research is to clarify the physiological and biochemical processes in the plant organism that occur in the optimal and stressful conditions, as well as to search for anthropogenic methods of their manifestation in connection with the protein content in grain of wheat varieties of different origin in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe Ukraine. The impact of temperature factor and the moistening mode of the period of winter wheat seed formation and ripening (Triticum aestivum L.) has been studied. The impact of varieties of Ukrainian and foreign plant breeding on the protein content in grain of the obtained offspring (reproduction yield) has been studied too. The ways to eliminate the influence of weather conditions on the protein content in grain and on the bases of sowing of different seed fractions have been searched. Research methods: field (studying the influence of growing conditions on grain quality), laboratory (determination of protein content), correlation-regression (establishing connection between factors), statistical method (to confirm the difference between variants). According to the results of the first stage of research, the dependence has been established: sowing with seed, grown in the arid conditions, allows obtaining offspring with high protein content, and vice versa. This is confirmed by the strong correlation both for winter wheat variety. At the second stage of research it has been determined that sowing with fine seed raises the yield protein content in grain, and protein yield without additional costs, but using seed, formed in the arid conditions.

Key words:

air temperature, precipitation, protein content in grain, seed size, varieties, winter wheat

2049-2059 Z. Jelínek, K. Starý, J. Kumhálová, J. Lukáš and J. Mašek
Winter wheat, winter rape and poppy crop growth evaluation with the help of remote and proximal sensing measurements
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Winter wheat, winter rape and poppy crop growth evaluation with the help of remote and proximal sensing measurements

Z. Jelínek¹*, K. Starý¹, J. Kumhálová¹, J. Lukáš² and J. Mašek³

¹Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Machinery Utilization, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
²Crop Research Institute, v.v.i., Drnovská 507, CZ161 00 Prague, Czech Republic
³Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Agricultural Machines, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: jelinekzdenek@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

Monitoring of agricultural crops with the help of remote and proximal sensors during the growing season plays important role for site-specific management decisions. Winter wheat, winter rape and poppy are representatives of typical agricultural crops from the family Poacea, Brassicaceae and Papaveraceae, growing in relative dry area of Rakovník district in the Czech Republic. Ten Sentinel 2 satellite images acquired during vegetation season of the crops were downloaded and processed. Crops were monitored with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with consumer grade Red Green Blue (RGB) camera and multispectral (MS) MicaSense RedEdge MX camera. In-field variability was assessed by computing RGB-based vegetation indices Triangular Greenness Index (TGI), Green Leaf Index (GLI) and Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) and commonly used vegetation indices as Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green NDVI (GNDVI). The results derived from satellite and UAV images were supported with in-situ measurements of hand-held GreenSeeker and Chlorophyll Meter Content sensors. The study showed the usability of individual vegetation indices, especially the TGI index for chlorophyll content estimation, and VARI index for green vegetation fraction detection and leaf area index estimation, in comparison with selected hand-held devices. The results showed as well that leaf properties and canopy structure of typical characteristics of selected families can significantly influence the spectral response of the crops detected in different phenological stages.

Key words:

poppy, satellite images, unmanned aerial vehicles, vegetation indices, winter rape, winter wheat