Morphological, molecular, and pathogenic characterization of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto associated with imported citrus fruits
¹IPB University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Jl. Kamper Babakan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor, ID16680 Jawa Barat, Indonesia
²IPB University, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem, Jl. Kamper Babakan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor, ID16680 Jawa Barat, Indonesia
*Correspondence: widodo@apps.ipb.ac.id
Abstract:
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose disease in citrus fruits. C. gloeosporioides has the potential to be carried by imported citrus fruits. The aim of this study was to detect, isolate, identify, and test the pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides associated with imported citrus fruits. The detection method was carried out by freezing imported citrus fruits at -20 °C for 15 hours. C. gloeosporioides was identified morphologically and molecularly. The morphological identification method was done by observing mycelial colonies and conidia. The molecular identification method was done by the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique using 3 locus of ITS, GAPDH, and TUB2. The pathogenicity was tested by attaching 1 culture circle of C. gloeosporioides to the surface of the citrus fruit and injecting 100 µl of conidia suspension at a density of 105 conidia mL-1 into the inside of the citrus fruit. The main results showed that C. gloeosporioides was successfully detected at 4 days after incubation by the emergence of mycelia on the surface of citrus fruits. Morphological and molecular identification proved that the species of fungus was C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto which was a pathogenic fungus on imported and local citrus fruits with a disease incidence value of 100%, and a disease severity value of 97.78% and 98.89%, respectively.
Key words:
anthracnose, disease incidence, disease severity, identification, pathogenicity