Tag Archives: biological activity

223–245 O. Tonkha, R. Tomashevskii, B. Mazurenko, O. Pikovska, O. Litvinova, O. Kravchenko, T. Maievska, S. Azarkamand, T. Melnychuk, O. Havryliuk and K. Shemetun
Assessment of the direction of microbiological processes in Ukrainian chernozems in pea-barley intercropping agrocenosis under the influence of biostimulants
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Assessment of the direction of microbiological processes in Ukrainian chernozems in pea-barley intercropping agrocenosis under the influence of biostimulants

O. Tonkha¹, R. Tomashevskii¹, B. Mazurenko¹, O. Pikovska¹, O. Litvinova¹, O. Kravchenko¹, T. Maievska², S. Azarkamand³, T. Melnychuk¹, O. Havryliuk¹ and K. Shemetun¹

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony Str.13, UA–03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Ukraine’s Fishing Industry Cluster of Innovation, 18/B, Instutytska Street, UA–01021 Kyiv, Ukraine
³UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, ES08003 Barcelona, Spain
*Corresponding author: o.havryliuk@nubip.edu.ua

Abstract:

Soil microorganisms are an important component of agroecosystems, and their structure, number and ratio allow us to characterize the direction of microbiological processes in the soil. The aim of this study was to determine impact of application of biostimulators on the activity of microbiological processes in typical chernozem soil in agrocoenosis of pea-barley intercrops. The effect of different biostimulators in pea-barley intercropping on the number of different groups of microorganisms on the 7th, 60th and 90th day after emergence was established in field experiment on typical chernozem in Ukraine. Coefficients of mineralization-immobilization, oligotrophicity and pedotrophicity were calculated to determine the directionality of microbiological processes in the soil. The greatest impact on microbial biomass during the vegetation period was observed with the application of insect frass extract, particularly at 60 DAE, where the indicator reached 302 million CFU in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The use of vermicompost increased the number of ammonifying microorganisms to 14.3 million CFU in the 0–20 cm layer and 10.1 million CFU in the 20–40 cm layer. In contrast, the application of compost tea, humus extract, and fish hydrolysate almost halved the number of these microorganisms compared to the control on the 60th day. At 90 DAE, the highest number of ammonifying bacteria was recorded with compost tea are7.8 CFU per 1.0 g of dry soil in the 0–20 cm layer and 4.8 CFU per 1.0 g of dry soil in the 20–40 cm layer. The highest number of amylolytic microorganisms was observed with the insect extract are 12.4 million CFU per 1.0 g of soil compared to 6.6 million CFU in the control. Regarding the content of phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms on the 60th day, only the insect frass variant showed an advantage over the control in the 0–20 cm layer (16.7 million CFU), while vermicompost showed the highest number in the 20–40 cm layer (10.4 million CFU); the other biopreparations showed lower values. Thus, the use of biopreparations on pea-barley intercrops caused a significant impact on the microbiological activity of the soil and the content of labile organic substances.

 

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161-173 M. Ibrahim, A. Aav and I. Jõudu
The potential and limitations for applications of oat proteins in the food industry
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The potential and limitations for applications of oat proteins in the food industry

M. Ibrahim¹²*, A. Aav¹² and I. Jõudu¹²

¹Estonian University of Life sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Chair of Food Science and Technology, Kreutzwaldi 56/5, EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
²Estonian University of Life sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and
Animal Sciences, ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH), Kreutzwaldi 56/5, EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: monica.nabil@student.emu.ee

Abstract:

Oat proteins have gained high attractive popularity in the market as future protein alternatives in various food products. The extracted oat protein fractions are characterised by a relatively high protein content and a unique amino acid profile compared to other cereal grains. From another aspect, the oat protein is separated unintentionally during the production of oat flours, oat drinks, and oat flakes which encourages the incorporation of oat proteins in the food industry to valorise the food wastes. Therefore, commercial oat proteins possess poor techno-functionality and water solubility in the usual environmental conditions for most food products; therefore, modification of oat proteins functionalities is highly recommended. Several modification methods, including chemical, physical and enzymatic, have been proposed to improve the techno-functionality of native oat proteins and their biological activities. This review highlights the nutritional value of the oat protein fractions, their techno-functional properties and their food industrial challenging limitations. Additionally, it summarises several prospective methods effective for boosting the functionality of oat protein fractions and broadening their application in a range of food industries (bakery, dairy, meat, and their alternative products) with an overview of their impact on humans, animals, and environmental health.

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171-184 G. Mokrikov, T. Minnikova, K. Kazeev and S. Kolesnikov
Use of soil enzyme activity in assessing the effect of No-Till in the South of Russia
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Use of soil enzyme activity in assessing the effect of No-Till in the South of Russia

G. Mokrikov, T. Minnikova*, K. Kazeev and S. Kolesnikov

Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology by D.I. Ivanovsky’s, Department of Ecology and Nature Management, av. Stachki 194/1, RU344090 Rostov on Done, Russia
*Correspondence: loko261008@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The activity of 11 enzymes (catalase, dehydrogenases, peroxydases, polyphenoloxidases, ascorbateoxidase, ferrireductase, β-fructofuranosidase, amylase, urease, phosphatase and protease) was assessed under conditions of steppe zone in the south of Russia when using different tillages. Winter wheat and sunflower are main crops in these soils. Moreover, chickpea, coriander, lint, barley, corn and some other crop are cultivated here in the crop rotation duration 6 years. Enzyme activity was compared in soils of 15 fields with long-term no-till (NT) versus to 15 fields with conventional tillage (CT). The researches were held along the whole Haplic Chernozem Loamic at a depth of 0–65 cm. Special attention was paid to top soil (0–10 cm), which is directly subject to the mechanical effect. The carbon cycle enzyme (β-fructofuranosidase) activity was the most sensitive indication for NT use. In top soil the enzyme activity was greater by 16–35% at NT versus to СТ. Activity of this enzyme reduces by 28–293% when soil depth increasing in both the tillages. Enzymes of different classes had different behaviours in soils depending on season, crops and tillage thanks to biochemical nature. Hydrolases and oxidoreductases were assessed by the indices characterizing soil condition and health. For this purpose geometric mean by hydrolase activity (GMEhd) and geometric mean by oxidoreductase (GMEox), as well as integral index of biological soil condition (IIBC) were used. Index GMEox in soil under sunflower reduced by 16% in summer versus to spring. Thereby, hydrolase index GMEhd reduced by 60%. At NT activity of oxidoreductase was lower by 10 and 13%, and activity of hydrolase was increased by 12 and 14% versus to СТ. Soil IIBS values at NT increased by 18–35% at average within three years (2016–2018). The use of NT technology contributes to an increase in the activity of hydrolases and soil quality due to the conservation of moisture in the soil.

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1142-1149 V. Obuka, M. Boroduskis, A. Ramata-Stunda, L. Klavins and M. Klavins
Sapropel processing approaches towards high added-value products
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Sapropel processing approaches towards high added-value products

V. Obuka¹, M. Boroduskis², A. Ramata-Stunda², L. Klavins¹ and M. Klavins¹*

¹University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Science, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
²University of Latvia,Faculty of Biology, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
*Correspondence: maris.klavins@lu.lv

Abstract:

Sapropel is an organic sediment from fresh water bodies that is widely distributed in the northern regions of the world. The distribution and unique properties of sapropel make it an important natural resource that can be used in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and farming directly as obtained. The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction possibilities of sapropel and potential applications of its extracts. Humic substances constitute an important ingredient of sapropel, and they can be extracted by mild alkaline extraction. Humic substances from peaty sapropel have significant differences in composition and properties, thus demonstrating the impact of precursor biological materials on the properties of humic substances formed in the humification process.

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