Tag Archives: drought stress

xxx Z.A. Abdel-Salam, M.A. Abouzeid, M.M. El-Shazly and D.A.M. Abdou
Water deficit stress alleviation by bio-formulated native mycorrhizal species for wheat grown in a saline calcareous soil
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Water deficit stress alleviation by bio-formulated native mycorrhizal species for wheat grown in a saline calcareous soil

Z.A. Abdel-Salam¹*, M.A. Abouzeid², M.M. El-Shazly¹ and D.A.M. Abdou²

¹Department of Soil Fertility and Microbiology, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
²Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
*Correspondence: zenabahmed5@gmail.com

Abstract:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a genus of obligatory root biotrophs that can develop mutualistic symbioses with most terrestrial plants. This study aimed to investigate the impact of three different isolates of AMF (Acaulospora spinosa [M1], Glomus ambisporum [M2], and Scutellospora heterogama [M3]) isolated from native environments and three carriers (biochar, alginate, and polyacrylate) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a saline calcareous soil in conditions of water deficit. In a pot experiment, reduced amounts of water were applied at intervals of 4, 8, and 12 days, while in a field experiment, the intervals were 1, 2, and 3 weeks (W1, W2, and W3). By analyzing the chlorophyll index and dry weight data from the pot experiment, it was revealed that two AMF isolates (M1 and M2), along with two carriers (biochar and alginate), showed promising results in stimulating wheat growth. Based on these findings, a field validation experiment was conducted to further evaluate the effects of these isolates and carriers. The wheat plants subjected to water deficit stress exhibited improved vegetation characteristics, grain yield, nutrient uptake, and colonization percentage when treated with the AMF isolate M2 formulated on biochar. For instance, under W2 conditions without any mycorrhiza or carrier, the grain yield was recorded at 6,600 kg ha-1. However, with the inoculation of M2-biochar at the same W2 level, the yield significantly increased to 9110 kg ha‑1. The study concluded that AMF formulated on biochar outperformed other carriers, leading to enhanced wheat growth under water stress conditions.

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397-409 M. Ubaidillah, F. Oktaviani, M.A. Mufadilah, S. Avivi, N. Thamrin, A. Indrawati, A.N. Puspito, K.M. Kim and S. Hartatik
Response of regulation of resistance genes, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzymes to salicylic acid treatments in drought tolerant rice
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Response of regulation of resistance genes, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzymes to salicylic acid treatments in drought tolerant rice

M. Ubaidillah¹², F. Oktaviani², M.A. Mufadilah¹, S. Avivi¹, N. Thamrin¹, A. Indrawati¹, A.N. Puspito², K.M. Kim³ and S. Hartatik¹*

¹1University of Jember, Faculty of Agriculture, Study Program of Agronomy,
Jember Regency, East Java 6812, Indonesia
²University of Jember, Faculty of Agriculture, Study Program of Magister Biotechnology, Jember Regency, East Java 6812, Indonesia
³Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied BioSciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
*Correspondence: srihartatik.faperta@unej.ac.id

Abstract:

Drought is one of the most important issues in crop production which may disrupt physiological processes and biochemical metabolism in rice plants, including the emergence of plant resistance gene expression such as OsAB13 and OsLEA, the formation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as the emergence of gene expression related to antioxidant enzyme activity such as OsAPX1, OsCATA, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and APX Cytosolic. Besides the emergence of plant resistance gene expression, ROS, and changes in gene expression related to antioxidant enzymes, rice plants also produce salicylic acid which acts as an endogenous signal to activate plant resistance gene responses and can encourage plant resistance responses such as antioxidant enzyme activity. The treatments in this study included: control, 15% PEG 6000, 15% PEG 6000 + SA 1 mM, and SA 1 mM. The results showed that the interaction between treatments and rice plant varieties significantly affected plant height, root length, total chlorophyll, and H2O2 content. The expression of the OsAPX1, OsCATA, Mn-SOD, and Cu/Zn-SOD genes increased in the 15% PEG 6000 treatment compared to the control. In the 15% PEG 6000 + SA 1 mM treatment, there was an increase in gene expression of APX Cytosolic, Cu/Zn-SOD, and OsCATA compared to the 15% PEG 6000 treatment. The OsLEA is expressed in Siakraya and Sertani 1 as an indicator of resistance to drought stress, and the OsAB13 is expressed in Indragiri, Sertani 1, and Siakraya varieties as an indicator of resistance to drought stress.

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315-329 M. Lonbani and A. Arzani
Morpho-physiological traits associated with terminal drought- stress tolerance in triticale and wheat
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Morpho-physiological traits associated with terminal drought- stress tolerance in triticale and wheat

M. Lonbani and A. Arzani*

*Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran; e-mail: a_arzani@cc.iut.ac.ir

Abstract:

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genotypic effects on tolerance to terminal drought stress in triticale and to compare it with that of durum and bread wheat under drought stress and normal field conditions using morpho-physiological traits. Five triticale ('Zoro', 'Moreno', 'Lasko', 'Prego' and 'Alamos 83'), one bread wheat ('Roshan') and one durum wheat ('Osta-Gata') cultivars were used. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used in each of the drought stress and well-watered (non-stress) experiments. Morpho-physiological traits including chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), excised leaf water retention (ELWR), rate of water loss (RWL), initial water content (IWC), leaf area, leaf angle, number of stomata, pollen viability, dry weight of awn and awn length were evaluated. Results of combined analyses of variances indicated the highly significant differences among genotypes for all traits and significant genotype × environmental interaction for all traits with the exception of leaf width, number of stomata and awn length. Overall performance of triticale cultivars was superior to wheat cultivars under both environmental conditions. Among triticale genotypes, 'Lasko' and 'Moreno' cultivars were the most drought tolerant and 'Prego' cultivar was the most sensitive genotype to water stress. Under drought stress conditions ELWR showed significant and negative correlation with grain yield, while their correlation was significant and positive under non-stress conditions. This relationship indicates that ELWR had an important impact on grain yield under both water stress and non-stress conditions.

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