Tag Archives: durum wheat

xxx K. Laiche, I. Guedioura, M. Babaousmail, M. Messaoudi, A. Khechkhouch and M. Amara
Experimental evaluation of a modified bentleg plough: improving soil structure and water infiltration under South Mediterranean pedo-climatic conditions
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Experimental evaluation of a modified bentleg plough: improving soil structure and water infiltration under South Mediterranean pedo-climatic conditions

K. Laiche¹, I. Guedioura¹, M. Babaousmail²*, M. Messaoudi², A. Khechkhouch³ and M. Amara†¹

¹Research laboratory for conservation, management and improvement of forest ecosystems, National higher school of agronomy, ENSA, El Harrach, 16200 Algiers, Algeria
²BABDA Laboratory, University of El Oued, Faculty of Nature and life sciences, Department of Agronomy, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
³NTD Laboratory, University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria
*Correspondence: mahfoud-babaousmail@univ-eloued.dz

Abstract:

This study evaluates a mechanically modified Bent leg plough (experimental tool, ET) for deep soil decompaction under low tractor power conditions typical of South Mediterranean cereal systems. The tool integrates a curved blade with a negative rake angle to enhance subsoil loosening while preserving soil horizon integrity and minimizing draft resistance.

A field experiment using a randomized complete block design compared four tillage systems: conventional (CT), minimum (MT), no tillage (NT), and ET. Soil physical properties (penetration resistance and water infiltration) and durum wheat yield were assessed. A second trial related forward speed to specific fuel consumption to derive a Relative Traction Index (RTI), enabling comparison of traction demand and energy efficiency with a mouldboard plough.

Results showed that ET significantly improved infiltration and reduced soil compaction compared to CT, MT, and NT. Mean infiltration rates under ET were 63% higher than CT, 115% higher than MT, and 165% higher than NT (p < 0.05). Additionally, penetration resistance was reduced by up to 72% relative to NT, indicating enhanced porosity and structural stability across all soil profiles. Although CT achieved the highest yield (22.5 Qt ha⁻¹), ET produced comparable productivity (18.7 Qt ha⁻¹) with greater soil conservation and lower energy demand. Regression and ANOVA analyses confirmed that ET maintained stable soil conditions over time, unlike CT and MT, which showed rapid reconsolidation.

In term of energy performance, The ET maintained lower fuel consumption (12.6–17.4 L ha⁻¹) at significantly higher speeds than the conventional plough, which required up to 26.7 L ha⁻¹. A Relative Traction Index (RTI) analysis revealed th.

Overall, the modified Bent leg plough enables effective deep loosening with reduced compaction and traction requirements, while maintaining competitive yield under rainfed South Mediterranean conditions.

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693-710 R. Dragov, K. Taneva and V. Bozhanova
Parametric and nonparametric stability of grain yield and grain protein content in durum wheat genotypes with various origins
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Parametric and nonparametric stability of grain yield and grain protein content in durum wheat genotypes with various origins

R. Dragov*, K. Taneva and V. Bozhanova

Agricultural Academy, Field Crops Institute – Chirpan, Georgi Dimitrov 2 Str., BG6200 Chirpan, Bulgaria
*Correspondence: dragov1@abv.bg

Abstract:

Identification of genotypes that can maintain a good yield and quality performance under climatic variability is critical for ensuring future food security. The aim of this study was to determine the stability of fifty-four durum wheat varieties with different geographical origins conceming the traits grain yield and grain protein content by parametric and nonparametric assessments. The varieties were tested in three consecutive years 2019–2021 in a randomized block design in three replications. Four nonparametric stability assessment, four parametric stability assessment, the coefficient of variation and the simulated assessment of yield and stability by Kang were determined. The analysis of variance revealed a significant influence of genotypes, environment and the genotype and environment interaction (GxE) on the expression of both studied traits. The environment showed a greatest influence on the variation of both traits. Eleven genotypes achieved average yield above 6.00 t ha-1. The genotypes with a high average yield and grain protein content and high stability as determined by the most stability assessments were identified as Melina (BG), Raylidur (BG) and Beloslava (BG) – for grain yield and varieties as Cesare and Beloslava (BG) – for grain protein content. The Bulgarian variety Beloslava was the most valuable combination high yield and grain protein content along with high stability for both traits across different seasons. Beloslava can be recommended for involvement in durum wheat breeding programs for simultaneously improvement of productivity and grain quality and to develop new durum wheat varieties well adapted to changing climate conditions.

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1750–1760 C. Senhaji, F. Gaboun, R. Abdelwahd, S.M. Udupa, A. Douira and D. Iraqi
Development of an efficient regeneration system for bombarded calli from immature embryos of Moroccan durum wheat varieties
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Development of an efficient regeneration system for bombarded calli from immature embryos of Moroccan durum wheat varieties

C. Senhaji¹²*, F. Gaboun¹, R. Abdelwahd¹, S.M. Udupa³, A. Douira² and D. Iraqi¹

¹Biotechnology Research Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), B.P. 415, Avenue de la Victoire, Rabat, Morocco
²Laboratory of Botany, Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences-University Ibn Tofail, University campus, B.P. 133, 14000 Kénitra, Morocco
³ICARDA–INRA Cooperative Research Project, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, B.P. 6299, Rabat, Morocco
*Correspondence: chaimae.310@gmail.com

Abstract:

One of the biggest obstacles limiting genetic transformation of durum wheat is the lack of an efficient regeneration system for bombarded tissues. Our study aims to optimize culture conditions for regenerating bombarded calli from immature embryos of four durum wheat varieties ‘Amria’, ‘Chaoui’, ‘Isly’ and ‘Marouane’, through comparing the effects of phytohormones (IAA, zeatin and their interaction) and nitrogen amount and sources on callus induction and plant regeneration. Both tested induction media induced approximately the same rate of induced calli for all the tested varieties. However, the interaction of the induction and the regeneration media showed a highly significant effect on plantlet regeneration for all tested varieties. After bombardment, IM1/RM2 combination proved to be the favourable medium with up to 200% and 120% plantlets regenerated for ‘Chaoui’ and ‘Isly’ varieties respectively. Encouraging results obtained in this study will help to promote the research in genetic transformation and its improvement.

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