Tag Archives: extraction

1249–1259 E. Kuprina, V. Filipov, A. Yakkola, A. Manuilov, V. Abramzon, M. Kremenevskaya, M. Zashikhin, A. Kuznetsova, A. Kopylov and A. Maksimenkov
Obtention of omega-3-fatty acids cryoconcentrated fish oil from by-products of preserves industry
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Obtention of omega-3-fatty acids cryoconcentrated fish oil from by-products of preserves industry

E. Kuprina*, V. Filipov, A. Yakkola, A. Manuilov, V. Abramzon, M. Kremenevskaya, M. Zashikhin, A. Kuznetsova, A. Kopylov and A. Maksimenkov

ITMO University, Faculty of Biotechnologies Lomonosov street 9, RU191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
*Correspondence: elkuprina@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The technology for obtaining and cryoconcentration of high-quality fish oil from collagen-containing wastes of slightly salted herring under gentle conditions using electrochemically obtained catholytes has been developed. Physicochemical analysis of raw materials was carried out and the yields of products from raw materials at all stages of processing were determined. Concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in oil was carried out using the cryo method. The main phase transitions in oil with decreasing temperature have been determined. The mass yields were determined and the biochemical composition of the cryoconcentrated fish oil fractions was investigated. It was defined the temperature of -14° С at which a phase transition is observed, providing an increase in the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in oil by 3 times. The usage of cryoconcentrated fish oil allows to produce biologically active food supplement or raw materials for a functional food.

Key words:

biologically active substances, by–products, cryoconcentration, extraction, fish oil, functional food, hydrolyzate, omega-3-fatty acids, salted herring preserves

1167–1178 G.P. Slesarev, T.V. Glukhareva, K.C. Duru, V.A. Shevyrin, P.N. Lyubyakina and E.G. Kovaleva
Comparative study of extraction of soy molasses isoflavones and in vivo bioconversion of daidzein into S-equol in rats models
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Comparative study of extraction of soy molasses isoflavones and in vivo bioconversion of daidzein into S-equol in rats models

G.P. Slesarev*, T.V. Glukhareva, K.C. Duru, V.A. Shevyrin, P.N. Lyubyakina and E.G. Kovaleva

Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira Str. 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia *Correspondence: grigory.slesarev@urfu.ru

Abstract:

We compared different extraction methods for isolation of isoflavones from soybean molasses. Since conventional extraction methods are time-consuming, expensive and unsustainable, we have compared them with the NADES extraction method, which does not have these disadvantages. Fermentation-assisted technique and extraction with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) were compared to the conventional extraction methods. Based on the results obtained, we selected the optimal technique for isoflavones isolation. Isoflavones were identified by gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometer (GC-MS), whereas their quantities were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vivo metabolism of daidzein to S-equol was performed in rats with quantification of a yield of S-equol as a result of daidzein in vivo conversion in rats’ intestines.

Key words:

daidzein, extraction, fermentation, GC-MS, genistein, HPLC, NADES, S-equol, soy molasses

2317–2327 J. Bazarnova, Т. Kuznetsova, E. Aronova, L. Popova and E. Pochkaeva
A method for obtaining plastid pigments from the biomass of Chlorella microalgae
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A method for obtaining plastid pigments from the biomass of Chlorella microalgae

J. Bazarnova*, Т. Kuznetsova, E. Aronova, L. Popova and E. Pochkaeva

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Graduate School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, RU195251, St. Petersburg, Russia
*Correspondence: j.bazarnova@spbstu.ru

Abstract:

Microalgae are distinguished from land plants by the high content of plastid pigments and the biodiversity of carotenoids. The aim of this study is to develop a technology for extracting a pigment complex from the biomass of the microalgae of the genus Chlorella and to determine the extracted pigments’ composition. To obtain biomass, a crude cell suspension of microalgae was used, which was obtained under laboratory conditions for pre-culture cultivation of C. sorokiniana (strain 211-8k). The extraction of plastid pigments from air-dry biomass after disintegration of cell membrane was performed in the 40 kHz mode. It was found that the highest pigment content in ethanol extracts was observed after 30 min (870.0 ± 27.1 mg L^-1) at 45−50 °C. The pigments’ composition in the resulting total extracts was determined by spectrophotometry and the Reverse Phase HPLC method. The established content of chlorophyll a in the obtained extracts was 537.5 ± 10.0 mg L^-1, the content of chlorophyll b was 182.5 ± 27.5 mg L^-1; the maximum output of the amount of carotenoids in extracts was 150.0 ± 10.0 mg L^-1. Thus, the main identified forms of carotenoids in extracts from the biomass of microalgae C. sorokiniana were xanthophylls: lutein and fucoxanthin (18.6 and 4.7% of the amount of pigment in extract, respectively) and β-carotene (1.8% of the amount of pigment). It is planned to further fractionate the obtained total extracts of the pigment complex to obtain various forms of chlorophylls and carotenoids to study the spectrum of physiological activity of plastid pigments.

Key words:

carotenoids, Chlorella microalgae, chlorophyll, disintegration, extraction, pre-culture cultivation

554–566 I. Sepelevs, J. Zagorska and R. Galoburda
A food-grade antioxidant production using industrial potato peel by–products
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A food-grade antioxidant production using industrial potato peel by–products

I. Sepelevs*, J. Zagorska and R. Galoburda

Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Department of Food Technology,
22 Rigas street, LV–3004 Jelgava, Latvia

Abstract:

Currently, industrial potato processing waste recycling and re–use is an important topic in the food industry, but no actual processing facilities could be found at the moment of this study. The main aim of present research was to develop a method that could, potentially, be practically applicable for industrial potato peel waste recycling into encapsulated phenolic compounds (fine powder), with a further approbation as an antioxidant for ground pork meat. Potato peel wastes were collected from the local potato processing facility, homogenized in the solvent media, and two accelerated extraction technologies (microwave assisted (MAE) and ultrasound accelerated extractions) were applied for the extraction of biologically active compounds and encapsulation wall material. Produced extracts were concentrated (recovered solvent had been collected and reused) and directed for spray-drying. In general, MAE alone showed higher extraction yields than in combinations with ultrasound treatment. Extracts reached maximal biologically active compound concentrations (and were possessing highest radical scavenging activities) after 10 min of MAE treatment. Produced capsules (food grade antioxidant) inhibited ground pork meat lipid oxidation during the storage study at accelerated oxidation conditions. Acquired results form a basis for development of a potato peel industrial scale processing technology.

Key words:

encapsulation, extraction, oxidation inhibition, potato peel recycling

1142-1149 V. Obuka, M. Boroduskis, A. Ramata-Stunda, L. Klavins and M. Klavins
Sapropel processing approaches towards high added-value products
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Sapropel processing approaches towards high added-value products

V. Obuka¹, M. Boroduskis², A. Ramata-Stunda², L. Klavins¹ and M. Klavins¹*

¹University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Science, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
²University of Latvia,Faculty of Biology, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
*Correspondence: maris.klavins@lu.lv

Abstract:

Sapropel is an organic sediment from fresh water bodies that is widely distributed in the northern regions of the world. The distribution and unique properties of sapropel make it an important natural resource that can be used in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and farming directly as obtained. The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction possibilities of sapropel and potential applications of its extracts. Humic substances constitute an important ingredient of sapropel, and they can be extracted by mild alkaline extraction. Humic substances from peaty sapropel have significant differences in composition and properties, thus demonstrating the impact of precursor biological materials on the properties of humic substances formed in the humification process.

Key words:

agriculture., biological activity, extraction, humic substances, sapropel

478–489 G. Macrì,, A. De Rossi, S. Papandrea, F. Micalizzi, D. Russo and G. Settineri
Evaluation of soil compaction caused by passages of farm tractor in a forest in southern Italy
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Evaluation of soil compaction caused by passages of farm tractor in a forest in southern Italy

G. Macrì¹,*, A. De Rossi¹, S. Papandrea¹, F. Micalizzi², D. Russo¹ and G. Settineri¹

¹ Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Department of AGRARIA, Feo di Vito, IT89122 – Reggio Calabria, Italy
² Regional Department Agriculture, Cittadella Regionale – Germaneto – IT88100 Catanzaro, Italy
*Correspondence: giorgio.macri@unirc.it

Abstract:

In recent decades, the use of heavy machinery in forest management has significantly increased, causing the compaction, that often remains for many years and may contribute to a decline in long-term site productivity. Severity of the damage depends on vehicle mass, weight of the carried loads, ground morphology, and soil properties, such as moisture. In Southern Italy, timber extraction is mainly done by farm tractors and the study was carried out in a conifer stand to evaluate the changes in penetration resistance, the water content, the bulk density and the porosity, after different numbers passes 0 (control), 1, 5, 10 and 15 respectively, of one farm tractor (Landini – Landpower 135 TDI). The results indicated that all parameters were significantly higher in the trafficked soil portions rather than in the undisturbed ones. We can conclude that a significant relationship was observed between compaction degree and traffic intensity. In fact, the passage of forestry machines causes soil compaction, leading to significant changes in the soil structure and moisture conditions.

Key words:

compaction, extraction, Forest Soil, Machine traffic, Tractor Farm

1328–1346 L. Klavins, J. Kviesis, I. Steinberga, L. Klavina and M. Klavins
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry study of lipids in northern berries
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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry study of lipids in northern berries

L. Klavins, J. Kviesis, I. Steinberga, L. Klavina and M. Klavins*

University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia
*Correspondence: maris.klavins@lu.lv

Abstract:

Wild berries from forests and bogs of Northern Europe are an excellent source of natural antioxidants, vitamins and fatty acids, all of which are substances with high biological activity. This study investigates lipids extracted from fresh and powdered berries, using low-polarity solvents (chloroform, diethyl ether and others) and a mixture of chloroform and methanol. Berry lipids were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The following berries were analysed: blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.), two cultivars of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.), black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.), cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) and rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.). One hundred and elevencompounds were identified and quantified in the 9 species of analysed berries. The lipid fraction contained compound classes like fatty acids, sterols, triterpenoids, alkanes, phenolic and carboxylic acids and carotenoids. All fresh berries contained high amounts of C18 unsaturated fatty acids (for example, up to 102 μg g^-1 of blueberries) and phytosterols (86 μg of β-sitosterol g^-1 of blueberries), and high amounts of benzoic acid were found in lingonberries (164 μg g^-1). The analysed berry lipid profiles were compared using the principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The two analyses showed that the lipid profiles of the studied berries reflect their taxonomy.

Key words:

chemotaxonomy, extraction, GC/MS, lipids, Northern berries

836–845 G. Macrì, G. Zimbalatti, D. Russo and A.R. Proto
Measuring the mobility parameters of tree-length forwarding systems using GPS technology in the Southern Italy forestry
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Measuring the mobility parameters of tree-length forwarding systems using GPS technology in the Southern Italy forestry

G. Macrì*, G. Zimbalatti, D. Russo and A.R. Proto

Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Department of AGRARIA, Feo di Vito, IT 89122 – Reggio Calabria, Italy
*Correspondence: giorgio.macri@unirc.it

Abstract:

The introduction of modern forwarders to Apennines forest operations must account for the traditional forwarding units used by local logging contractors. They generally use the same machine for extraction and intermediate off-road transportation on mountain trails, inaccessible to heavy road vehicles. Conventional forwarders are not designed for fast transportation on trail and cannot replace conventional. This research set up a long-term follow-up study to determine the use pattern of three conventional tractor-trailer units (Forwarder, forestry trailer and articulated truck). The goal of this study was to gauge the potential of these machines. In particular, the study determined for both machine types: monthly usage, incidence of travelling time over total time, distance covered and travel speed. The null hypothesis was that use pattern, average travel distance and speed distribution did not differ between traditional tractor and trailer units and high-speed forwarders. For this purpose, Global Positioning System/Global System for Mobile Communications data loggers were installed for continuous real-time collection of the main work data, including position, status, speed and fuel consumption. The study showed that new forwarders could actually travel at a speed higher than 24 km h⁻¹, and they performed both extraction and intermediate transportation. They were capable of independent relocation, which made them suitable for small-scale forestry. Both machine types were used intensively, but the annual usage of forwarders was almost twice as large as that of tractor-trailer units. Furthermore, forwarders had a 27% higher hourly productivity and a 50% higher fuel consumption per hour, compared with tractor-trailer units.

Key words:

Data Logger, extraction, GPS – Track logger, precision forestry