Tag Archives: fibre

2259-2270 J. Wolko, A. Dobrzycka, J. Bocianowski, L. Szala, T. Cegielska-Taras, I. Bartkowiak-Broda and K. Gacek
Genetic Variation of Traits Affecting Meal Quality in Black × Yellow Seeded Doubled Haploid Population of Winter Oilseed Rape
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Genetic Variation of Traits Affecting Meal Quality in Black × Yellow Seeded Doubled Haploid Population of Winter Oilseed Rape

J. Wolko¹, A. Dobrzycka¹, J. Bocianowski², L. Szala¹, T. Cegielska-Taras¹, I. Bartkowiak-Broda¹ and K. Gacek¹*

¹Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute (PBAI-NRI), Oilseed Crops Research Center, Strzeszynska 36, PL60-479 Poznan, Poland
²Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, PL60-637 Poznan, Poland
*Correspondence: k.gacek@ihar.edu.pl

Abstract:

The by-product of oil production from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is protein rich rapeseed meal. It is of great interest to improve the quality of rapeseed meal for poultry feed by reducing the level of anti-nutritional factors, mainly fibre and glucosinolates. The aim of the study was to assess genetic variation of traits affecting rapeseed meal quality in seeds from the M305 (black-seeded) × Z114 (yellow seeded) population of winter oilseed rape doubled haploid (DH) plants. The influence of weather conditions on these traits was tested under two-year field growing conditions in Poland. Significant effect of genotypes and the year of experiment was found for all of the studied traits, apart from neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The significant phenotypic variation in all of these traits makes future selection to improve quality of rapeseed meal possible. It was also found that all of the traits, apart from neutral detergent fibre, are regulated in a complex genetic manner involving additive and epistatic gene action. NDF is regulated by the additive gene action indicating that this trait might be easier for selection. Low heritability found for seed colour, fibre and glucobrassicin indicates great environmental effect on these traits. Large phenotypic variation for protein, oil, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and glucosinolates found in this study will allow future genetic mapping analysis to identify key genes regulating these traits. The application of such genetic markers could enhance breeding programs aiming to improve oilseed rape which could be successfully introduced as poultry feed.

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1069-1076 V. Kazulis, I. Muižniece and D. Blumberga
Conceptual ‘Cradle to Gate’ analysis of GHG emissions from wood, agricultural plant and synthetic fibres
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Conceptual ‘Cradle to Gate’ analysis of GHG emissions from wood, agricultural plant and synthetic fibres

V. Kazulis*, I. Muižniece and D. Blumberga

Riga Technical University, Faculty of Power and Electrical Engineering, Institute of
Energy Systems and Environment, Azenes iela 12/1, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
*Correspondence: valters.kazulis@rtu.lv

Abstract:

Industrialization and fossil resource use has brought unprecedented anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Use of synthetic fibre materials and unsustainable plant cultivation practices contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. The global market share of polyester fibre (synthetic fibre made from fossil resources) exceeded the share of cotton fibre (natural fibre) for the first time in 2000 and since then polyester has remained the most popular fibre. The demand for textiles keeps increasing. In Northern Europe locally made fibres from wood, hemp and flax could substitute fossil based fibres decreasing the global GHG emissions and helping local economies to prosper. Multi-criteria analysis method TOPSIS was used to carry out a conceptual research evaluating GHG emissions from wood, agricultural plant and synthetic fibre acquisition under two scenarios: fossil fuels are used as energy sources & industrial fertilizers are used; and renewable energy sources are used & industrial fertilizers are not used. Results show that wood and plant fibres have smaller GHG emissions than synthetic fibres in both scenarios. Factors affecting emission performance are analysed.

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883–895 R. Pecenka, H.-J. Gusovius, J. Budde and T. Hoffmann
Efficient use of arable land for energy: Comparison of cropping natural fibre plants and energy plants
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Efficient use of arable land for energy: Comparison of cropping natural fibre plants and energy plants

R. Pecenka*, H.-J. Gusovius, J. Budde and T. Hoffmann

Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, DE 14469 Potsdam, Germany
*Correspondence: rpecenka@atb-potsdam.de

Abstract:

 With focus on renewable energy from agriculture governments can either support the growing production of energy crops or it can invest in technology or measures to reduce the energy consumption. But what is more efficient with regard to the use of the limited resource arable land: to insulate a building with fibre material grown on arable land to reduce the heating demand or to use such land for growing energy plants for the sustainable energy supply of a building? To answer this question, a long term balance calculation under consideration of numerous framework parameters is necessary.
Based on traditional fibre plants like hemp, flax, and woody fibre crops (e.g. poplar), these agricultural plants and their processing to insulation material were examined. Based on available data for the typical building structure of detached and semi-detached houses in Germany, models of buildings were developed and the accessible potentials for heating energy savings by using suitable insulation measures with natural fibre materials were determined. As a comparable system for the supply of renewable energy, bio-methane from silage maize was chosen, since it can be used efficiently in conventional gas boilers for heat generation. The different levels of consideration allow the following interpretations of results: in a balance calculation period of 30 years, the required acreage for heating supply with methane can be reduced by approx. 20%, when at the beginning of the use period fibre plants for the insulation of the houses are grown on the arable acreage. Contrariwise, to compensate only the existing loss in heating energy due to inadequate insulation of older detached and semi-detached houses (build prior to 1979) an annual acreage of approx. 3 million ha silage maize for bio-methane would be required in Germany. Therefore, from the land use perspective the production of biogas plants in agriculture for heating should be accompanied by the production of fibre plants for a reasonable improvement of the heat insulation of houses.

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