Tag Archives: heat loss

1084–1093 J. Malaťák, J. Bradna and J. Velebil
The dependence of COx and NOx emission concentrations on the excess air coefficient during combustion of selected agricultural briquetted by-products
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The dependence of COx and NOx emission concentrations on the excess air coefficient during combustion of selected agricultural briquetted by-products

J. Malaťák*, J. Bradna and J. Velebil

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: malatak@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

The issue of CO, CO2 and NOx emissions is very extensive and important. The aim of the paper is the experimental determination of the CO, CO2 and NOx emission dependencies on the amount of excess air. Materials used for the experiments were several types of briquetted biomass. Crops used were Czech knotweed (Reynoutria × bohemica), Rumex hybrid OK 2 (Rumex patientia × Rumex tianschanicus), meadow hay and timothy grass (Phleum pratense). For all samples proximate and elemental analyses were performed (semiautomatic calorimeter LECO AC-600 elemental analyser CHN628 + S and analyser LECO TGA-701) and stoichiometric calculations of combustion were made. Combustion device used in combustion tests was a hot air stove with a grate fireplace and with manual fuel supply. The combustion process was monitored by analyser Madur GA-60. Parameters monitored during the combustion tests were primarily the flue gas temperature and the emission levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
Analyses and calculations of plant biomass samples indicate their good properties for energy use. The gross calorific value was as high as 19.55 MJ.kg-1 in the sample of Rumex OK 2. Limiting factor is the high quantity of ash in plant material. The briquettes from timothy grass achieved 5.77% wt. ash in the dry matter. The excess combustion air had positive influence during combustion test. On the other hand, this caused heat loss by departing flue gases, wherein the flue gas temperature reached high values. The excess air coefficient also significantly affected the emission levels of carbon dioxide and monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the flue gases. Results were statistically analysed and complemented by regression equations, which in practice can be used to optimize the combustion process in boilers with manual fuel supply.

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525–532, J. Malaták, J. Bradna and J. Velebil
Combustion of briquettes from oversize fraction of compost from wood waste and other biomass residues
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Combustion of briquettes from oversize fraction of compost from wood waste and other biomass residues

J. Malaták*, J. Bradna and J. Velebil

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of
Technological Equipment of Buildings, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: malatak@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

This article aims to determine experimentally the energy potential of samples from oversize compost fraction formed into briquettes. Theoretical combustion characteristics of the briquettes are determined and are compared with a reference fuel. Elemental analysis and stoichiometric calculations were performed for the samples. Classical grate combustion device with manual fuel supply was chosen for combustion tests. Flue gas temperature and emission parameters, such as the emission levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, were monitored by a multi-purpose flue gas analyzer Madur GA-60. Dependence of these parameters on air input was followed.
Elemental analyses and stoichiometric calculations of individual samples indicate favourable properties of the energy compost for further energy utilisation, namely the gross calorific value of 16.42 MJ kg-1. Excess air was causing high losses through heat of the flue gas during the experiments on combustion device. This fact occurred in a situation when the temperature of flue gas leaving the chimney reached high levels. The excess air coefficient also significantly influenced emissions of carbon dioxide and monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. The trends are analysed statistically and are expressed by regression equations. The results can serve in practice for optimization of combustion processes in grate boilers with manual feed of the fuel.

Key words:

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