Genotype by yield × trait (GYT) biplot analysis for the identification of the superior winter and facultative barley breeding lines

V.M. Hudzenko¹*, A.A., Lysenko¹, L.V. Tsentylo², O.A. Demydov¹, T.P. Polishchuk¹, L.V. Khudolii³, N.M. Buniak⁴, I.V. Fedorenko¹, M.V. Fedorenko¹, V.V. Petrenko⁵, T.V. Yurchenko¹, Y.M. Suddenko¹, V.A. Ishchenko⁶ and H.M. Kozelets⁶

¹The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of National Academy of
Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Tsentralnа Str., 68, Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, UA08853 Kyiv region, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
Heroiv Oborony Str., 12, UA 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination, Henerala Rodymtseva Str., 15,
UA 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
⁴Nosivka Plant Breeding and Experimental Station of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Myru Str., 1, Doslidne village, Nosivka district, UA 17131 Chernihiv region, Ukraine
⁵Institute of Food Resources of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Yevhena Sverstiuka Str., 4A, UA02002 Kyiv, Ukraine
⁶Institute of Agriculture of Steppe of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Tsentralnа Str., 2, Sozonivka village, Kropyvnytskyi district, UA 27602 Kirovohrad region, Ukraine
*Corresponding author e-mail: barley22@ukr.net

Abstract:

In the present study, in a panel of promising winter and facultative barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding lines, the peculiarities of yield performance and its combination with resistance (tolerance) to the most common under conditions of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe abiotic and biotic stresses have been determined. In 2016-17–2018-19 the breeding lines were differentiated based on grain yield, thousand kernel weight, frost resistance, leakage of electrolytes, relative drought tolerance, lodging resistance, and resistance to powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer, f. sp. hordei emend. É. J. Marchal (anamorph Oidium monilioides Link)), spot blotch (caused by Cochliobolus sativus (anamorph Bipolaris sorokiniana [Sacc.] Shoem.)), and leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei Otth.). GYT (genotype by yield × trait) biplot model was used for comprehensive evaluation of the breeding lines by a combination of yield with a complex of traits. As a result, the winter breeding line ‘Pallidum 5096’ and facultative breeding line ‘Pallidum 5110’ superior to others in terms of yield × traits combinations have been identified. These breeding lines as new varieties ‘MIP Atlas’ and ‘MIP Yanus’ accordingly have been submitted to the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination for further State Qualification Examination. The winter (‘Pallidum 5134’, ‘Pallidum 5097’, ‘Pallidum 5024’, ‘Pallidum 5090’, and ‘Pallidum 5130’) and facultative (‘Pallidum 5153’, ‘Pallidum 5102’, ‘Pallidum 5126’, and ‘Pallidum 5131’) breeding lines can be used as valuable genetic sources in breeding programs in Ukraine and some other Central a nd Eastern European countries.

Key words:

Disease resistance, drought tolerance, frost resistance, Hordeum vulgare L.

The effect of application of potassium, magnesium and sulphur on wheat and barley grain yield and protein content

L. Hlisnikovský¹*, P. Čermák¹, E. Kunzová¹ and P. Barłóg²

¹Department of nutrition management, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ16101 Prague 6, Ruzyně, Czech Republic
²Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71F, PL60-625 Poznan, Poland
*Correspondence: l.hlisnik@vurv.cz

Abstract:

The objective of our experiment was to study the effect of mineral fertilizers, rich mainly in the K, Mg and S content, and compare their effect on grain yield and protein content of winter wheat and winter barley with fertilizer treatments without these elements. The analyzed fertilizer treatments were 1) Control, 2) mineral nitrogen treatment (N), 3) mineral nitrogen with phosphorus (NP), 4) NP with potassium, magnesium, and sulphur (NP+KMgS), and 5) NP with magnesium, sulphur and minor part of manganese (4%) and zinc (1%) (NP+MgSMnZn). The experiment was established in Lukavec experimental station (the Czech Republic) in 2013 and lasted until 2017. The crop rotation consisted of four arable crops: winter wheat, winter barley, rapeseed, and potatoes, but only winter wheat and winter barley are analyzed in this paper (grain yields and crude protein content).
In comparison with the Control, the application of mineral fertilizers significantly increased grain yield and protein content of both kinds of cereal. Comparing mineral fertilizers, no significant differences were recorded between N, NP, NP+KMgS and NP+MgSMnZn treatments, showing that nitrogen was the most limiting factor affecting yield and protein content, and initial concentrations of K and Mg were suitable and capable to cover cereal’s demands. However, application of fertilizers has increased the K and Mg soil content and thus prevents the soil from the element’s deficiency, which does not has to be recognized in the early stages by visual observation of arable plants. The effect of the year was also significant as two out of four seasons were characterized by high temperatures and drought.

Key words: