Tag Archives: Hydrogen

1199–1206 K.K. Singh, A. Meshram, D. Gautam and A. Jain
Hydrogen production using waste aluminium dross: from industrial waste to next-generation fuel
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Hydrogen production using waste aluminium dross: from industrial waste to next-generation fuel

K.K. Singh*, A. Meshram, D. Gautam and A. Jain

Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IN221005 Varanasi India
*Correspondence: kksingh.met@iitbhu.ac.in

Abstract:

This article describes the production of hydrogen from white aluminium dross, an industrial waste generated in the aluminium smelter plants. Hydrogen is generated by metal-water reaction between aluminium and water in presence of alkalis like sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Aluminium dross is described as a heterogeneous material with its major constituents being metallic aluminium, alumina and other salt fluxes like NaCl and KCl. Utilizing the metallic aluminium content entrapped in the matrix of alumina for the metal-water reaction has been the driving force for the waste recycling and simultaneous hydrogen production. Bulk aluminium dross was crushed and downsized. The finer fraction of the powdered aluminium dross is used for the experiments. The effects of dross in the alkaline solution, temperature of the solution and the time of the reaction were studied to understand the generation of hydrogen. The alkaline solution breaks the protective layer of alumina and exposes the entrapped aluminium content to water, thereby commencing the hydrogen liberation.

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188-197 M. Obergruber, V. Hönig, P. Procházka and P. Zeman
Energy analysis of hydrogen as a fuel in the Czech Republic
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Energy analysis of hydrogen as a fuel in the Czech Republic

M. Obergruber¹, V. Hönig²*, P. Procházka³ and P. Zeman¹

¹Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Chemistry, Kamýcká 129, CZ16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic
²University of Economics, Faculty of Business Administration, Department of Strategy, W. Churchill Sq., CZ130 67 Prague 3, Czech Republic
³Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Kamýcká 129, CZ16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: vladimir.honig@vse.cz

Abstract:

The concept of ‘hydrogen economy’ dates back to the 1970s. It was first introduced as s response to the first oil crisis. In the context of the hydrogen economy, it is important to calculate how much hydrogen would be needed to power all motor vehicles in the Czech Republic. This is main topics of this paper. To calculate the amount of hydrogen, we used two different methods. One is based on thermodynamic laws and the other on normal operating conditions. Both approaches yielded comparable results. It was found out that even with the use of all the electricity produced in the Czech Republic in 2016, we would not be able to cover the amount of energy that is required for production. It would cover only 75% resp. 76% depending on the calculation method used. Eventually, the Czech Republic could buy necessary amount of hydrogen and it would cost between 11 and 29 billion euros which is between 6% and 16% of GDP of the Czech Republic. In the calculations, authors found out that most fuel is burnt in the passenger cars. Therefore, we made a sensitivity analysis to find out how much our results would differ if fuel consumption changed. It turns out that with an increase in consumption of 1 L per 100 km, hydrogen production coverage will decrease by about 4% (again with the use of all electricity produced in the Czech Republic).

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11-16 A. Abánades
The challenge of Hydrogen production for the transition to a CO2-free economy
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The challenge of Hydrogen production for the transition to a CO2-free economy

A. Abánades¹ ²

¹Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Berliner Straße 130. D-14467 Potsdam,
Germany
²Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 7, E-28040, Spain;
e-mail: abanades@etsii.upm.es

Abstract:

The energy demand of the world is foreseen to be increased due to the improvements
on the living standard of the developing countries and the development of the global economy.
The increase in sustainability of the energy supply must be considered as a must to avoid
spoiling natural resources for the next human generations and more dramatic effects such as the
so-called global atmospheric warming. The utilization of CO2-free energy sources, as in the
case of renewables, is one of the most promising ways to attain such objectives. Nevertheless,
the massive energy production with such energy sources are far from being practically feasible
in the short-medium term and an innovative solution should be put into practice for the CO2-
free exploitation of the huge fossil fuel resources already available. This general assumption is
also applicable to any energy carrier such as Hydrogen or electricity. In this case, an analysis is
done of the Hydrogen production processes and the discussion of the need to develop a CO2-
free production scheme like methane cracking is shown. 

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