Impact of some herbicides on the growth and the yield of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

Cs. Juhasz¹, A. Hadhazy², W.A.E. Abido³*, V. Pal¹² and L. Zsombik²

¹University of Debrecen Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management. Kerpely Kálmán Doctoral School. Böszörményi 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Egypt
²University of Debrecen, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, Research Institute of Nyíregyhaza, Westsik Vilmos 4–6, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
³Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agronomy Department, Elgomhouria Str., Mansoura City, Egypt
*Correspondence: madawy78@mans.edu.eg

Abstract:

The production and use of common vetch has great potential, but the lack of approved pesticides makes the success of cultivation difficult and unpredictable. The research was carried out on sandy soil at the Nyíregyháza Research Institute of the University of Debrecen in Hungary in April 2022. Five different herbicides, pendimethalin, metolachlor, flumioxazin, bentazon in doses 5 L ha^-1, 1.4 L ha^-1, 0.06 kg ha^-1, 2 L ha^-1, respectively, and imazamox in four different doses (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 L ha^-1) were applied with the consideration of the ranges specified in the Hungarian legislation. The results showed that the highest NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values were obtained with flumioxazin compared to the other treatments. The maximum harvested seed yield (194.1 kg ha^-1) was obtained with the application of flumioxazin compared to the control treatment (132.5 kg ha^-1). Flumioxazin was also the best as it had the fewest weeds per plot and the lowest phytotoxicity score. Although pendimethalin approached the cleaned and harvested average seed yield of the control plots with 121.3 kg ha^-1, it did not feature prominently in the other indicators. With regard to plant trash after cleaning of vetch seed, the highest plant trash (179.4 kg ha^-1) was obtained with bentazon. Pendimethalin had the highest percentage ratio between seed yield ha^-1 and plant trash ha^-1 (61.8%), followed by flumioxazin (60.7%). The results also showed that there was a positive correlation between NDVI values and seed yield and a positive correlation between NDVI values and plant trash, while there was a negative correlation at the 0.01 level between NDVI values and phytotoxicity.

Key words:

Ecotoxicological assessment of mineralized stratum water as an environmentally friendly substitute for agrochemicals

P. Pysarenko¹, M. Samojlik¹, M. Galytska¹*, Y. Tsova¹, A. Kalinichenko²* and M. Bąk²

¹Poltava State Agrarian University, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnology, Breeding and Ecology, Department of Ecology, Sustainable Nature Management and Environmental Protection, 1/3 Skovorody Str., UA36003 Poltava, Ukraine
²University of Opole, Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotehnology, 6 Komina Str., UA45-032 Opole, Poland
*Correspondence: maryna.galytska@pdaa.edu.ua; akalinichenko@uni.opole.pl

Abstract:

As a result of military operations on the territory of Ukraine, sown areas are reduced, the cost of plant protection products and fertilizers increases which emphasizes the problem of obtaining maximum yields from a smaller area of farmland. Given that a shortage of food grains can cause a global food crisis, research on the use of MSW as an environmentally friendly substitute for agrochemicals is relevant today. The aim of the research was to assess the ecotoxicological properties of MSW as an environmentally friendly substitute for synthetic agrochemicals. The impact of MSW as a fertilizer on soil chemical properties and assessment of MSW phytotoxicity as an herbicide for weeds and productivity of winter wheat were studied under field conditions. Toxicological assessment of MSW under laboratory conditions was carried out according to the following parameters: acute oral toxicity and resorptive-toxic effect of MSW. As a result of the assessment of MSW impact on soil chemical properties, it was found that significant soil acidification occurs only when MSW dose of more than 2,400 L ha^-1is used. The content of nitrates and oil products did not increase and there was no soil salinity when the MSW was used in doses of 300–1,200 L ha^-1. It was determined that the greatest decrease in weed plant biomass (85.5%) was observed when 100% concentration of MSW was used in a dose of 350 L ha^-1. As a consequence, with reduced weed infestation, there was a 21.5% increase in winter wheat yield if 100% MSW was used and a 19.1% increase if 75% MSW was used. As a result of the toxicological assessment of MSW, it was found that it belongs to low-toxic compounds. These results of ecotoxicological investigation of MSW make it possible to assert that its use is safe in agriculture, in particular as an environmentally safe organomineral fertilizer and herbicide.

Key words:

ecotoxicological assessment, mineralized stratum water, phytotoxicity, soil, winter wheat