Tag Archives: pre-harvest sprouting

645-652 L. Legzdiņa, I. Mežaka and I. Beinaroviča
Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resistance to pre-harvest sprouting: diversity and development of method for testing of breeding material
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Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resistance to pre-harvest sprouting: diversity and development of method for testing of breeding material

L. Legzdiņa, I. Mežaka and I. Beinaroviča

State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, Zinātnes str. 1a, Priekuli LV-4126, Latvia;e-mail: lindaleg@navigator.lv

Abstract:

Pre-harvest sprouting significantly reduces grain yield and quality of hulless barley (HB). In field conditions pre-harvest sprouting resistance can be scored rarely. The objective of the research was to develop appropriate testing method for barley breeding material in laboratory conditions and to estimate genetic diversity in pre-harvest sprouting resistance among various HB genotypes. The amount of seeds with visible germination symptoms were determined in days 4, 7 and 10 after initiation of laboratory test; it was started in ripening stage and after 4 weeks of storage of harvested spikes. The average amount of germinated grains differed significantly between the three estimation days (p < 0.001) in all years and both if tested in ripening stage or during storage. The effect of genotype on the number of germinated grains was the highest in the 10th testing day. Germination was significantly higher if the test was started after 4-week storage of harvested spikes. The correlation between amounts of germinated grains with the sprouting scores obtained in field conditions was significant in most of the cases; the highest values of correlation coefficient were obtained in estimation days 7 and 10 if the test was started in ripening stage. As more suitable for performing laboratory test of pre-harvest sprouting in barley breeding program can be suggested testing in ripening stage with estimation day 10 or 7. A noticeable variation of amount of germinated grains among the genotypes was found (CV = 49.8%, 10th estimation day). It approves the possibility for improvement of this trait by breeding.

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3–12 M. Alaru, B. Moller and A. Hansen
Triticale yield formation and quality influenced by different N fertilisation regimes
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Triticale yield formation and quality influenced by different N fertilisation regimes

M. Alaru¹, B. Moller² and A. Hansen²

¹Department of Field Crop Husbandry, Estonian Agricultural University, Kreutzwaldi 64, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
²Department of Dairy and Food Science, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej -30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C., Denmark

Abstract:

Two different field trials with triticale were carried out in a field of the Department of Field Crop Husbandry of the Estonian Agricultural University, situated near Tartu, in 2000/2001–2002/2003. In the first trial, the winter triticale cultivars ‘Modus’ and ‘Tewo’ were used to investigate the influence of different N fertilisation regimes on triticale yield formation and yield quality. Seven N fertiliser treatments in four replications in the first year and 11 fertiliser treatments in three replications in the second and third year were tested, by varying total nitrogen dosages and time of application. Nitrogen was applied as NH4NO3 at different plant development stages (EC30, EC47). In the second trial, 10 winter triticale cultivars were investigated (‘Modus’, ‘Tewo’, ‘Lasko’, ‘Dagro’, ‘Ulrika’, ‘Lamberto’, ‘Vision’, ‘Fidelio’, ‘Lupus’, and ‘Prego’) to select out cultivars of earlier maturing and higher tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting. Winter triticale parents – the winter rye ‘Vambo’ and the winter wheat ‘Kosack’ were used as the control.
The yield level and quality of winter triticale grains were most of all affected by weather conditions and then by cultivars and N application regimes. Nitrogen fertiliser application at the plant development stage EC47 decreased significantly the height of stems (r = -0.459***), which is the principal prerequisite for preventing lodging, and increased significantly grain protein content (1.69 and 1.8% as the average of three years in ‘Modus’ and ‘Tewo’ grains, respectively). Unlike spikes of wheat, all of these winter triticale cultivars started to germinate before general physiological maturity. The longer was the period from anthesis to general physiological maturity, the higher was the percentage of germination during the period (r = 0.727*). The higher was the moisture content in seeds of triticale 26 days after the EC65 (length of the period wheat reached physiological maturity), the higher was the germination percentage in spikes (r = 0.733*). Triticale cultivars with higher 1,000 kernel weight values reached physiological maturity later. An average germination before harvest time correlated positively with test weight (r = 0.608*).

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