Potato varieties resistance study to wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival and late blight Phytophthora infenstans (Mont) de Bary

A. Zelya¹, R. Asakaviciute²*, T. Andriychuk¹, H. Zelya¹, A. Skoreyko¹, A. Kuvshynov¹ and A. Razukas²

¹Ukrainian Science-Research Plant Quarantine Station Institute of Plant Protection National Academy of Agrarian Science, UA60321v. Boyani, Novoselitsa district, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
²Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Voke Branch of Institute of Agriculture, Zalioji a. 2, LT-02232 Vilnius, Lihuania
*Correspondence: rita.asakaviciute@lammc.lt

Abstract:

The results of research on the selection of potato varieties and breeding material from Institute for potato study NAAS and Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region NAAS are presented in this paper.

There were selected 12 potato varieties of Ukrainian breeding with high resistance level: ‘Aria’, ‘Glazurna’, ‘Knyagynya’, ‘Zheran’, ‘Zhytnytsia’, ‘Podolyanka’, ‘Skarbnytsia’, ‘Slavyanka’, ‘Chervona Ruta’, ‘Fantasy’, ‘Schedryk’ and ‘Chortytsia’ (1.2–2.4 points (R1) and 2 varieties (‘Dyvo’ and ‘Povin’ – 3.4 and 3.0 points (R2)) by the research results for potato assessment to wart in 2020–2021 by the results of field and laboratory studies for determining Ukrainian breeding potato varieties resistance to wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb) Perc. There were chosen 6 varieties with relatively high resistance degree to late blight Phytophthora infenstans (Mont) de Bary (7.2–8.5 points): ‘Aria’, ‘Dyvo’, ‘Zhytnytsia’, ‘Knyagynia’, ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Slavyanka’ by the choice. The evaluation results allow to put them into the State Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine. These potato varieties recommend for implementation in potato disease sources and usage as a parent form for crossing as sources of potato resistance to wart and late blight.

Key words:

The indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation potential in potato roots is affected by agricultural treatments

K. Loit¹²*, L. Soonvald¹, M. Kukk¹, A. Astover², E. Runno-Paurson³, T. Kaart⁴ and M. Öpik⁵

¹Estonian University of Life Sciences, Chair of Plant Health, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
²Estonian University of Life Sciences, Chair of Soil Science, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
³Estonian University of Life Sciences, Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
⁴Estonian University of Life Sciences, Chair of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
⁵University of Tartu, Department of Botany, 40 Lai St., EE51005 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: kaire.loit@emu.ee

Abstract:

There is an urgent need to develop novel approaches to enhance sustainable agriculture while not reducing crop yields. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish symbiotic associations with most crop plants improving plant performance and soil health. This study investigated the extent of colonisation of potato roots by indigenous AM fungi in the arable soil under conventional and organic farming systems. Potato roots had greater AM fungal colonisation levels under organic than conventional farming, though in general, root colonisation levels were extremely low in both farming systems. Potato root AM fungal colonisation was lower with higher soil P content and higher with higher annual C input. Trap plant root AM fungal colonisation was considerably higher than in field potato roots and showed that soil mycorrhizal inoculum potential was higher in organic than in conventional farming. Thus, the positive impact of manure application in organic fields to the potato AM fungal colonisation can be explained by previous higher total annual C fresh organic matter input and lower soil P content under treatment. Furthermore, the natural AM fungal abundance in the soil was sufficient to colonise trap plant roots, suggesting a low mycorrhizal dependence of the studied potato cultivar.

Key words:

Cropping systems, Glomeromycota, management practices, Solanum tuberosum L.