Tag Archives: transportation cost

360-375 V. Bulgakov, I. Holovach, S. Kiurchev, S. Pascuzzi, M. Arak, F. Santoro, A.S. Anifantis and J. Olt
The theory of vibrational wave movement in drying grain mixture
Abstract |

The theory of vibrational wave movement in drying grain mixture

V. Bulgakov¹, I. Holovach¹, S. Kiurchev², S. Pascuzzi³, M. Arak⁴, F. Santoro³, A.S. Anifantis³ and J. Olt⁴*

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroyiv Oborony Str., Kyiv UA 03041, Ukraine
²Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, 18B Khmelnytsky Ave, UA 72310, Melitopol, Zaporozhye Region, Ukraine
³University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Via Amendola, 165/A, IT70125 Bari, Italy
⁴Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology, 56 Kreutzwaldi Str., EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: jyri.olt@emu.ee

Abstract:

This paper outlines a theory that involves the vibrational wave transportation of bulk grain during the course of passing that grain under an infrared radiation source, in a working thermal radiation drying chamber, and using a vibrational wave transporter belt that has been developed by the authors of this paper. The main outstanding feature of the proposed design is the presence of mechanical off-centre vibration drives which generate the vibration in the working rollers at a preset amplitude and frequency, thereby generating a mechanical wave on the surface of the flexible transporter belt which ensures the movement of bulk grain along the processing zone which itself is being subjected to infrared radiation. A calculation method was developed for the oscillation system that is used in conjunction with the vibrational transportation of the grain mass, in order to be able to determine the forces that may be present in the vibrational system and to prepare the differential calculations for the movement of the vibrational drive’s actuators, utilising for this purpose Type II Lagrange equations. The solving of the aforementioned integral equations on a PC yielded a number of graphical dependencies in terms of kinetic and dynamic parameters for the vibrational system described above; the analysis of those dependencies provided a rational structural, along with kinetic and dynamic indicators. According to the results that were taken from theoretical and experimental studies on the functioning of the developed infrared grain dryer combined with a vibrational exciter, stable movement for its working roller takes place if the angular velocity of a drive shaft is changed within the range of between 50–80 rads–1, whereas the amplitude of the indicated oscillations falls within the range of 3.0–4.0 mm. It has been discovered that a rational speed when transporting soy seeds during infrared drying falls between the range of between 0.15–0.60 cm s-1, whereas the amplitude of the indicated oscillations falls within the range of 3.0–4.0 mm. An increase of this parameter within the stated limits increases the time that it takes to achieve the stage in which a constant drying soy speed is reached by more than 2.5 times (from 205 seconds to 520 seconds), stabilising the figure at a level of 520 seconds, which makes it possible to recommend a range of transport speeds of between 0.15–0.40 cm s–1 under infrared radiation for the seeds in order to achieve the required moisture content with a single pass of the produce on the wave transporter.
With that in mind, the power consumption levels for the vibrational exciter do not exceed 50W, while the angular velocity of the drive shaft’s rotation falls within the range of between 100–120 rads–1. The results of the experimental study that has been conducted indicated that a rational transportation speed for the soy seeds on the wave transporter under infrared radiation is between 0.15–0.40 cm s–1.

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387-396 K. Tamm and R. Vettik
Case study: Economics of spring feeding in grassland
Abstract |
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Case study: Economics of spring feeding in grassland

K. Tamm and R. Vettik

Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture, Teaduse 13, Saku, Estonia;e-mail: Kalvi.Tamm@neti.ee

Abstract:

Change in world energy prices influences the price of mineral fertilisers. To meet the globally growing need for food farmers are extending the production of milk and meat, facilitating thereby an increase in manure production. The distance of the grassland from the farm centre and fertiliser prices influences farmers’ choices regarding the art and logistics of fertilising. The aim of this study is to compose a calculation model to compare the economic aspects of different fertilising options considering the grassland distance and the art of fertilising. The model contains components from the method applied to evaluate the rationality of exploitation of a field, considering the costs pertaining to field distance. Spring N feeding of grassland was simulated and five technologies were compared with the model.In calculations it was presumed that manure comes from a farm’s own production and thecosts arise only from hauling and distribution. In comparison with mineral fertiliser, these costs increase with driving distance; therefore it is economical to use only manure near the farm compound. In average Estonian forage production conditions, the N rate 75 kg ha-1 minimum value using cattle slurry distribution with a shallow injection system is more economical than using mineral fertiliser.It can be also concluded that compared to a distributor, using a tank truck for haulingslurry is beneficial on farther parcels (under the conditions in the simulation, farther than 4.2 5 km), as in those cases the hourly operation cost of the slurry distributor is very high.

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