Tag Archives: uninsulated cowshed

211-218 O. Sada, E. Mikson and B. Reppo
Ammonia emission in cowsheds and pigsties during the summer periood
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Ammonia emission in cowsheds and pigsties during the summer periood

O. Sada, E. Mikson and B. Reppo

Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56,
EE51014 Tartu, Estonia

Abstract:

As is known, cows in uninsulated cowsheds can tolerate lower temperatures much better than higher temperatures, so we can say that these buildings are well suited for animals, although there are problems with workers and the working environment in uninsulated cowsheds in extreme cases, during very low and high outside temperatures. The goal of this study was to identify the outdoor climate impact on the indoor climate in cowsheds with 420, 500 and 500 cow places during winter and summertime. For that, indoor and outdoor temperature, relative humidity and indoor ammonia content were measured simultaneously. The processed results are well applicable when designing new cattle housing or improving the indoor climate of already existing uninsulated cowsheds. Building of large pigsties with deep litter and without litter which use liquid manure removal systems has become a wide practice nowadays. Indoor climate parameters of the working environment have an impact on the human capacity for work and the productivity of animals. Enlargement of pigsties is accompanied with problems regarding the achievement of the required indoor climate for the working environment. For the purpose of studying the pigsties with different animal-keeping technologies and the simultaneous effect of temperature and relative humidity on the emission ammonia content in the air of a pigsty were measured in summer above a pig-pen at the height of 1.5 meters from the floor and were measured daily. Data logger equipment, relevant sensors and content of ammonia in the air was measured for the study by using Gas Monitor Pac III equipment. Measurement results were statistically processed by using the computer programmes AMR Win Control, Pac III Software3.nn, SAS and MS Excel.

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255-262 A. Ruus, V. Poikalainen, J. Praks, I. Veermäe, F. Teye, M. Hautala and J. Ahokas
Indoor Air Temperature and Ventilation in Uninsulated Loose Housing Cowsheds with Different Types of Non-transparent Roofing in Hot Summer
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Indoor Air Temperature and Ventilation in Uninsulated Loose Housing Cowsheds with Different Types of Non-transparent Roofing in Hot Summer

A. Ruus¹, V. Poikalainen², J. Praks², I. Veermäe², F. Teye³, M. Hautala⁴ and J. Ahokas⁴

¹ Tartu College, Tallinn University of Technology,
78 Puiestee Srt., EE51008 Tartu, Estonia, e-mail: aime.ruus@ttu.ee
² Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life
Sciences, 62 Kreutzwaldi Str., EE51014 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: vaino.poikalainen@emu.ee
³ Plant Production Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland
MTT, Vakolantie 55, FIN03400, Vihti, Finland; e-mail: kwame@mappi.helsinki.fi
⁴ Department of Agrotechnology, University of Helsinki,
Koetilantie 3, FIN00014 Helsinki, Finland; e-mail: Jukka.Ahokas@helsinki.fi

Abstract:

As the indoor temperature of uninsulated cowsheds is in correlation with outdoor temperature, it may happen that indoor temperatures in cowsheds soar in hot summer. Roof temperature and spatial distribution of indoor air temperature at 1m (cow level) was studied in 8 uninsulated cowsheds with three different types of roof – non-asbestos cement sheets (4 cowsheds), metal (2 cowsheds) and insulated with 25 mm mineral wool plate (2 cowsheds) at outdoor air temperatures 26.8…32.0°C in at least 25 points of the cowshed. All openings were open in the cowsheds.
Roof (indoor surface) temperature values of 47.1°C were recorded as highest at non-asbestos cement roof in outdoor air temperature of 30°C. The average indoor surface temperature of the insulated roof (28°C) was about as high as outdoor air temperature (29°C).
Average indoor temperature in cowsheds varied 27.6-29.7°C. Smallest indoor-outdoor air temperature difference (t) was 0.8°C and occurred at lowest outdoor temperature (26.8°C). The biggest t of -2.3°C occurred at highest outdoor temperature (32°C). If the roof was insulated, t varied -0.5-1.1°C. In four cowsheds with non-asbestos cement sheet roof, t of 0.8…-1.9°C was recorded. In cowsheds with metal sheet roof, t of – 1.2… -2.3°C was recorded.
Standard deviation of indoor temperatures at the measurement points s (describes the ventilation efficiency) was s=0.59…0.84 in the cowsheds with insulated roof and s=0.46…0.66 in the uninsulated ones. The ventilation in cowsheds was good and air moving schemes uniform.
As a result of the investigation, the following conclusion can be made: indoor air temperature and ventilation efficiency in hot summer days are not influenced by roof material (non-transparent) or the presence of insulation.

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397-404 S. Toropov, B. Reppo, A. Leola and V. Palge
Modelling of heat exchange of milking parlour
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Modelling of heat exchange of milking parlour

S. Toropov, B. Reppo, A. Leola and V. Palge

Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences,Kreutzwaldi 56, 51014 Tartu, Estonia

Abstract:

Unheated cowsheds are light constructions and can be referred to as sheds with outdoor climate, because the temperatures in the cowshed and milking parlour are almost identical to the outdoor climate. Control of the complicated temperature conditions in a milking parlour requires an adequate survey of the situation. The aim of the present study was to prepare a heat exchange model for a milking parlour and testing its workability by experimentally studying the indoor air temperature of the original object. The dynamic model of the heat balance of a milking parlour of an uninsulated cowshed is presented. Powersim Studio 7 environment was used for modelling the heat situation in a side-by-side milking parlour for 40 cows. Input and reference data of the model consist of the data on indoor climate measured at the original object, the farm for 600 cows, in winter. To get the necessary initial data for compiling the model, the indoor and outdoor temperatures of the milking parlour were measured, their daily values varying 8.75…17.81°C and 1.1…6.2°C, respectively. The composite model describes the actual situation with sufficient adequacy. So, with cows in the milking parlour, the measured indoor temperatures were practically of the same value withthose obtained by modelling, the values differed only by 3…4 deg that can be considered acceptable and applicable when evaluating the heat conditions of a milking parlour. The created dynamic heat exchange model for a milking parlour of an unheated cowshed is applicable for making practical decisions and can be used for design and control of the heat situation at the milking parlour.

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