Tag Archives: microorganisms

370-400 I. Berzina, S. Raita, M. Kalnins, K. Spalvins and I. Kuzmika
In search of the best technological solutions for creating edible protein-rich mutants: a multi-criteria analysis approach
Abstract |
Full text PDF (703 KB)

In search of the best technological solutions for creating edible protein-rich mutants: a multi-criteria analysis approach

I. Berzina*, S. Raita, M. Kalnins, K. Spalvins and I. Kuzmika

Riga Technical University, Institute of Energy Systems and Environment, Azenes street 12/1, LV 1048, Riga, Latvia
*Correspondence: Indra.Berzina@rtu.lv

Abstract:

Single-cell protein (SCP) is a promising alternative for replacing plant and animal-derived dietary proteins. SCP contains essential nutrients and high levels of essential amino acids (AA). Given the versatility of microbial strains and waste substrates that can be used as feedstocks, many variations of production processes can be explored. Improving these microorganism strains by enhancing their properties and productivity is vital to increasing SCP competitiveness. One of the options to enhance microorganism strains would be by creating mutants with better AA profiles. By using mutagenesis and AA inhibitors it should be possible the create novel strains with improved AA-producing properties. The use of AA inhibitors to promote selective pressure on SCP-producing strains is a novel concept and is not a widely explored approach, therefore, the further development of this method should be explored. This paper used a multi-criteria decision analysis method to evaluate different technological factors vital for creating protein-rich mutants. These factors are microorganism strains, agro-industrial waste substrates used as process feedstocks, AA inhibitors, and mutagenesis methods. Microorganisms Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis showed the highest potential for being used. Molasses was the ‘closest to the ideal’ substrate to be used as feedstock for SCP production. As the most promising mutagenesis method ethyl methane sulphonate was selected. Glufosinate ammonium and methionine sulfoximine for both bacteria and fungi were identified as the best inhibitors for SCP-rich mutant selection. Identified combinations of optimal solutions for microorganisms, substrates, inhibitors, and mutagenesis techniques should be further investigated and evaluated in laboratory settings. This could help to increase SCP’s competitiveness as a sustainable protein source.

Key words:

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,




1464-1472 E.R.T. Cruz, F.A. Teixeira, D.D. Fries, R.R. Jardim, N.T. Cruz, F. Rossa, A.P.S. Santos, E.M.V. Porto and H.S. Silva
Yield and morphology of Nopalea cochenillifera under N fertilization and biological inoculation
Abstract |
Full text PDF (583 KB)

Yield and morphology of Nopalea cochenillifera under N fertilization and biological inoculation

E.R.T. Cruz*, F.A. Teixeira, D.D. Fries, R.R. Jardim, N.T. Cruz*, F. Rossa, A.P.S. Santos, E.M.V. Porto and H.S. Silva

State University of Southwest of Bahia, BR45700-000, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
*Correspondence: elitonrtdacruz@hotmail.com; teles.nc@gmail.com

Abstract:

The objective was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and levels of nitrogen fertilization on the productive aspects of the spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera). The experiment was carried in Ribeirão do Largo, Southwest region of the state of Bahia, from April 2019 to April 2020. The experiment was carried out in a 2×4 factorial, in a randomized block design with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the absence or inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg¹ of N ha–¹. There was a positive effect for the use of the bacteria on cladode area index, height, number of secondary, tertiary and total cladodes, total weight for cladodes of all orders and also for final weight per ha–¹. There was a significant effect of the use of the inoculant for the levels of total soluble sugars and starch, where there was a decrease in the values for the treatments submitted to the use of the bacteria. There was a quadratic effect for the weight of the tertiary cladodes, number of tertiary cladodes and total of spineless cactus when submitted to nitrogen fertilization levels. There was a linear test for cladodes area index when nitrogen fertilization was used. The use of Azospirillum brasilense is positive for the cultivation of spineless cactus, improving development and increasing crop productivity.

Key words:

, , , ,




827-841 O.V. Sviridova, N.I. Vorobyov, E.E. Andronov, O.N. Kurchak, E.P. Chizhevskaya, Ya.V. Pukhalskiy, V.N. Pishchik, S.I. Loskutov and V. Yu. Sitnov
Optimum ratio of complex biological product and fertilize (NPK) and the contribution of fungi and bacteria to the general decomposition and mulching of coniferous wood waste
Abstract |
Full text PDF (578 KB)

Optimum ratio of complex biological product and fertilize (NPK) and the contribution of fungi and bacteria to the general decomposition and mulching of coniferous wood waste

O.V. Sviridova¹, N.I. Vorobyov¹, E.E. Andronov¹, O.N. Kurchak¹, E.P. Chizhevskaya¹, Ya.V. Pukhalskiy¹, V.N. Pishchik¹², S.I. Loskutov³* and V. Yu. Sitnov³

¹All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky chausse 3,
RU196608 St. Petersburg, Pushkin 8, Russia
²Agrophysical Research Institute, Grazhdanskiy ave., 14, RU195220 St. Petersburg, Russia
³All-Russian Research Institute for Food Additives - Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, 55 Liteiny prospect, RU191014 St. Petersburg, Russia
*Corresponding author: Loskutov Svyatoslav spbsl21@gmail.com

Abstract:

The use of a complex biological product (CBP) based on native microbiological consortiums of coniferous forest litter accelerated the composting process of coniferous wood waste. The contribution of micromycetes and bacteria to the activation of coniferous wood waste composting processes using the different fertilizers rates was studied. A fractal analysis has confirmed the formation of a micromycetes-bacterial system in the treatment with optimal rates of NPK and CBP. In this case the better decomposition of wood waste was observed. It was noted that micromycetes of the genus Penicillium dominated in the composts obtained with CBP addition. This compost was not phytotoxic. Thus, for coniferous sawdust decomposition and its further humification, it is necessary to use both micromycetes and bacteria. The use of organic material resulting from wood waste decomposition with CBP and optimal rates of NPK is an effective way to increase the content of organic substances in soils and their potential fertility.

Key words:

, , ,




1973-1991 D.G. Churilov, S.D. Polischuk, G.I. Churilov, V.V. Churilova and D.N. Byshova
Investigation of the long-term toxic effect of nanoparticles of different physical-chemical characteristics
Abstract |

Investigation of the long-term toxic effect of nanoparticles of different physical-chemical characteristics

D.G. Churilov¹, S.D. Polischuk²*, G.I. Churilov³, V.V. Churilova² and D.N. Byshova⁴

¹Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Road Transport Faculty, Department of Metal Technology and Machine Repair, Kostychev street 1, 390044 Ryazan, Russia
²Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Technological Faculty, Department of Breeding and Seed Production, Agricultural Chemistry, Forestry and Ecology, Kostychev street 1, 390044, Ryazan, Russia
³Ryazan State Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Chemistry, Vysokovoltnaya street 9, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
⁴Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Faculty of Vet Medicine and Biotechnology, Kostychev street 1, 390044 Ryazan, Russia
*Correspondence: svpolishuk@mail.ru

Abstract:

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of metal and oxide nanoparticles on some ecological and functional groups in the soil-plant-animal system to form the stability limits of organisms. Nanoparticles of cobalt, iron, zinc, copper, copper oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide sized 20–80 nm were studied. The concentration range was 0.01–1,000 g of nanoparticles per ton of seeds or soil. Objects suitable for biotesting and environmental monitoring were selected: earthworms (Lumbricina), rats (white outbred) and Wistar rats. It was previously found that nanoparticles of the studied metals up to a concentration of 100 g t-1 of seeds, unlike oxides, practically do not affect bacterial populations. The use of indicators of biochemical and cytomorphologic reactions of invertebrates seems promising because worms are able to bind pollutants and reduce their penetration into plants. They are also an indicator of soil biotesting for metal contamination. Reactivity and toxic effects of nanoparticles (NPs) in natural conditions depend both on the type of soil and on the size and concentration of nanoparticles. With sizes (NPs) of up to 20 nm (depending on the type of soil and physicochemical characteristics), NPs are much more reactive and reduce the survival of microorganisms. Small nanoparticles (less than 20 nm) are characterized by a large interface. Such nano-objects exhibit high physical-chemical activity and are safe only at very low concentrations. The specifics of the environmental impact of oxide NPs compared to metal NPs was revealed. It was associated with accumulation of oxides in living systems and the peculiarities of changes in the morph physiological, histological and reproductive parameters of organisms and morphological and biochemical parameters of animals. Oxide nanoparticles accumulate in a living organism, exhibit toxic properties, lower the activity of enzymes and hormones and are transferred along trophic chains, which is not typical for metal nanoparticles.

Key words:

, , , , , , , ,