Tag Archives: phytotoxicity

1188-1200 V. Kaminskyi, I. Malynovska, V. Bulgakov, A. Balian J. Olt and A. Rucins
Influence of the pyrogenic impact upon the state of soil microbiocenosis of eight- and twenty-years old fallows(lea lands)
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Influence of the pyrogenic impact upon the state of soil microbiocenosis of eight- and twenty-years old fallows(lea lands)

V. Kaminskyi¹, I. Malynovska¹, V. Bulgakov², A. Balian³ J. Olt⁴ and A. Rucins⁵*

¹National Scientific Centre, Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine, 2 b, Mashinobudivnikiv Str., Chabany vil., Kyiv- Svyatoshin Dist., UA08162 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 9, Mykhailo Omelyanovych-Pavlenko Str., Kyiv, UA01010, Ukraine
⁴Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Engineering,
56 Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi Str., EE51006Tartu, Estonia
⁵Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Engineering and Energetics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Ulbroka Research Centre, 1 Instituta Str., Ulbroka, Ropazu Region, Stopinu Municipality, LV2130 Latvia
*Correspondence: adolfs.rucins@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

The restoration dynamics of the biological activity of soils after fires of various intensity is an urgent problem. Pyrogenic effects (fires) affect the state of microscopic soil inhabitants: bacteria, micromycetes, etc., causing their death and reducing their physiological and biochemical activity. From a theoretical and practical points of view it is important to study changes in the community of the soil microorganisms during the restoration of phytocenoses in the post-pyrogenic areas. Investigations of Albebeluvisoil were carried out as an example in geographically close areas: 1 and 2 – soil, withdrawn from agricultural use in 1987 (twenty-years-old fallow); 3 and 4 – soil, withdrawn from agricultural use in 2000 (eight-years old fallow. Studies of the state of the post-pyrogenic and background sections of the eight-year-old and twenty-year-old fallows showed that the mechanism of the effect of fire upon the soil microbiocenosis differs 3 and 14 months after it took place. After the fire during a three-month period there are general processes that lead to a decrease in the number of unicellular living organisms, which also lose their physiological and biochemical activity, there is an increase in mineralization, based on compounds of elements such as carbon and nitrogen. The exception is humus. There is also an increase in soil phytotoxicity of soil. The conducted researches have established that after 14 months the processes of active decomposition of humus begin to decrease and in general the phytotoxicity of soil decreases. There are also observed processes of increase in the number of single-celled living organisms on the basis of nitrogen and phosphorus. After 26 months the consequences of the fire are minimized: the difference in the number of microorganisms and their physiological and biochemical activity becomes statistically unreliable, with the exception of micromycetes, mobilizers of mineral and organophosphates, nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms; the difference in total biological activity is reduced from 12.6 to 8.67%, in phytotoxicity – from 16.0 to 2.89%.

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135-155 Cs. Juhasz, A. Hadhazy, W.A.E. Abido, V. Pal and L. Zsombik
Impact of some herbicides on the growth and the yield of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)
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Impact of some herbicides on the growth and the yield of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

Cs. Juhasz¹, A. Hadhazy², W.A.E. Abido³*, V. Pal¹² and L. Zsombik²

¹University of Debrecen Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management. Kerpely Kálmán Doctoral School. Böszörményi 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Egypt
²University of Debrecen, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, Research Institute of Nyíregyhaza, Westsik Vilmos 4–6, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
³Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agronomy Department, Elgomhouria Str., Mansoura City, Egypt
*Correspondence: madawy78@mans.edu.eg

Abstract:

The production and use of common vetch has great potential, but the lack of approved pesticides makes the success of cultivation difficult and unpredictable. The research was carried out on sandy soil at the Nyíregyháza Research Institute of the University of Debrecen in Hungary in April 2022. Five different herbicides, pendimethalin, metolachlor, flumioxazin, bentazon in doses 5 L ha-1, 1.4 L ha-1, 0.06 kg ha-1, 2 L ha-1, respectively, and imazamox in four different doses (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 L ha-1) were applied with the consideration of the ranges specified in the Hungarian legislation. The results showed that the highest NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values were obtained with flumioxazin compared to the other treatments. The maximum harvested seed yield (194.1 kg ha-1) was obtained with the application of flumioxazin compared to the control treatment (132.5 kg ha-1). Flumioxazin was also the best as it had the fewest weeds per plot and the lowest phytotoxicity score. Although pendimethalin approached the cleaned and harvested average seed yield of the control plots with 121.3 kg ha-1, it did not feature prominently in the other indicators. With regard to plant trash after cleaning of vetch seed, the highest plant trash (179.4 kg ha-1) was obtained with bentazon. Pendimethalin had the highest percentage ratio between seed yield ha-1 and plant trash ha-1 (61.8%), followed by flumioxazin (60.7%). The results also showed that there was a positive correlation between NDVI values and seed yield and a positive correlation between NDVI values and plant trash, while there was a negative correlation at the 0.01 level between NDVI values and phytotoxicity.

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785-792 P. Pysarenko, M. Samojlik, M. Galytska, Y. Tsova, A. Kalinichenko and M. Bąk
Ecotoxicological assessment of mineralized stratum water as an environmentally friendly substitute for agrochemicals
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Ecotoxicological assessment of mineralized stratum water as an environmentally friendly substitute for agrochemicals

P. Pysarenko¹, M. Samojlik¹, M. Galytska¹*, Y. Tsova¹, A. Kalinichenko²* and M. Bąk²

¹Poltava State Agrarian University, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnology, Breeding and Ecology, Department of Ecology, Sustainable Nature Management and Environmental Protection, 1/3 Skovorody Str., UA36003 Poltava, Ukraine
²University of Opole, Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotehnology, 6 Komina Str., UA45-032 Opole, Poland
*Correspondence: maryna.galytska@pdaa.edu.ua; akalinichenko@uni.opole.pl

Abstract:

As a result of military operations on the territory of Ukraine, sown areas are reduced, the cost of plant protection products and fertilizers increases which emphasizes the problem of obtaining maximum yields from a smaller area of farmland. Given that a shortage of food grains can cause a global food crisis, research on the use of MSW as an environmentally friendly substitute for agrochemicals is relevant today. The aim of the research was to assess the ecotoxicological properties of MSW as an environmentally friendly substitute for synthetic agrochemicals. The impact of MSW as a fertilizer on soil chemical properties and assessment of MSW phytotoxicity as an herbicide for weeds and productivity of winter wheat were studied under field conditions. Toxicological assessment of MSW under laboratory conditions was carried out according to the following parameters: acute oral toxicity and resorptive-toxic effect of MSW. As a result of the assessment of MSW impact on soil chemical properties, it was found that significant soil acidification occurs only when MSW dose of more than 2,400 L ha-1 is used. The content of nitrates and oil products did not increase and there was no soil salinity when the MSW was used in doses of 300–1,200 L ha-1. It was determined that the greatest decrease in weed plant biomass (85.5%) was observed when 100% concentration of MSW was used in a dose of 350 L ha-1. As a consequence, with reduced weed infestation, there was a 21.5% increase in winter wheat yield if 100% MSW was used and a 19.1% increase if 75% MSW was used. As a result of the toxicological assessment of MSW, it was found that it belongs to low-toxic compounds. These results of ecotoxicological investigation of MSW make it possible to assert that its use is safe in agriculture, in particular as an environmentally safe organomineral fertilizer and herbicide.

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