Tag Archives: sawdust

827-841 O.V. Sviridova, N.I. Vorobyov, E.E. Andronov, O.N. Kurchak, E.P. Chizhevskaya, Ya.V. Pukhalskiy, V.N. Pishchik, S.I. Loskutov and V. Yu. Sitnov
Optimum ratio of complex biological product and fertilize (NPK) and the contribution of fungi and bacteria to the general decomposition and mulching of coniferous wood waste
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Optimum ratio of complex biological product and fertilize (NPK) and the contribution of fungi and bacteria to the general decomposition and mulching of coniferous wood waste

O.V. Sviridova¹, N.I. Vorobyov¹, E.E. Andronov¹, O.N. Kurchak¹, E.P. Chizhevskaya¹, Ya.V. Pukhalskiy¹, V.N. Pishchik¹², S.I. Loskutov³* and V. Yu. Sitnov³

¹All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky chausse 3,
RU196608 St. Petersburg, Pushkin 8, Russia
²Agrophysical Research Institute, Grazhdanskiy ave., 14, RU195220 St. Petersburg, Russia
³All-Russian Research Institute for Food Additives - Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, 55 Liteiny prospect, RU191014 St. Petersburg, Russia
*Corresponding author: Loskutov Svyatoslav spbsl21@gmail.com

Abstract:

The use of a complex biological product (CBP) based on native microbiological consortiums of coniferous forest litter accelerated the composting process of coniferous wood waste. The contribution of micromycetes and bacteria to the activation of coniferous wood waste composting processes using the different fertilizers rates was studied. A fractal analysis has confirmed the formation of a micromycetes-bacterial system in the treatment with optimal rates of NPK and CBP. In this case the better decomposition of wood waste was observed. It was noted that micromycetes of the genus Penicillium dominated in the composts obtained with CBP addition. This compost was not phytotoxic. Thus, for coniferous sawdust decomposition and its further humification, it is necessary to use both micromycetes and bacteria. The use of organic material resulting from wood waste decomposition with CBP and optimal rates of NPK is an effective way to increase the content of organic substances in soils and their potential fertility.

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696-707 E. Haiba, L. Nei, K. Herodes, M. Ivask and M. Lillenberg
On the degradation of metformin and carbamazepine residues in sewage sludge compost
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On the degradation of metformin and carbamazepine residues in sewage sludge compost

E. Haiba¹, L. Nei¹*, K. Herodes², M. Ivask¹ and M. Lillenberg³

¹University of Technology, Tartu College, Puiestee 78, EE51008 Tartu, Estonia
²University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14A, EE51010 Tartu, Estonia
³Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 58A, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: lembit.nei@ttu.ee

Abstract:

Recent decades have shown intensive studies devoted to the fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment. These studies have involved the development of analytical tools, determination of pharmaceuticals in different compartments, composting technologies, and plant uptake of pharmaceuticals. The presence of organic pollutants in sewage sludge, including pharmaceuticals, is a problem of major concern. The re-use of sewage sludge should be encouraged since it represents a long-term solution provided that the quality of the sludge re-used is compatible with public health and environmental protection requirements. Composting is a widely recognized way of making the soil application of sewage sludge safer.
In this study, the impact of sewage sludge composting on the degradation of metformin (MET), by far the most often prescribed antidiabetic drug worldwide, and carbamazepine (CBZ), a poorly biodegradable but widely used as an anticonvulsant drug to cure depression and seizures, were analysed. The anaerobically digested and dewatered sewage sludge samples were collected from municipal wastewater treatment plant. Composting experiments were performed under fixed conditions during 30 days. The results of the experiment showed that during a 1-month composting period more than 90% of MET residues degraded, but no degradation of CBZ took place during the composting period. The half-life of MET was 3 days for the compost mixture with the ratios of 1:3 and 1:2 (v:v). The results of this study show that composting maylead to the efficient degradation of MET, whereas for the elimination of CBZ from sewage sludge different means should be used.

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395–405 E. Haiba, L. Nei,, S. Kutti, M. Lillenberg, K. Herodes, M. Ivask, K. Kipper, R. Aro and A. Laaniste
Degradation of diclofenac and triclosan residues in sewage sludge compost
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Degradation of diclofenac and triclosan residues in sewage sludge compost

E. Haiba¹, L. Nei¹,*, S. Kutti¹, M. Lillenberg², K. Herodes³, M. Ivask¹, K. Kipper³, R. Aro³ and A. Laaniste³

¹ Tartu College, Tallinn University of Technology, Puiestee 78, EE51008 Tartu, Estonia
² Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 58A, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
³ Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, EE51010 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: lembit.nei@ttu.ee

Abstract:

Land application of sewage sludge compost is an important and efficient tool in the remediation of industrial landscapes and agricultural soils in Estonia. A number of studies have shown that, as a rule, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are neither completely removed by sewage treatment, nor completely degraded in the environment. In this study, degradation rates of diclofenac sodium (DFC) and triclosan (TCS) were determined during sewage sludge composting. Anaerobically digested and dewatered sewage sludge was mixed with sawdust at two different ratios (1:2 and 1:3 sludge/sawdust, v:v). Then aerobic composting was carried out. These ratios were chosen on the basis of previous studies on sewage sludge composting with different bulking agents. The initial concentration of DFC and TCS was 2 mg kg-1 in relation to dry weight (dw). Low quantities of the studied pharmaceuticals were present in sewage sludge that was used for preparing the compost mixtures used in our experiments. The background concentrations of DFC and TCS were never equal to zero. The results showed that the difference between sewage sludge and bulking agent ratios (1:2 vs 1:3) in compost samples did not significantly affect temperature profiles during the experiment. The degradation of pharmaceuticals was more complete in the compost samples where the ratio of bulking agent was higher (1:3 by volume). The average degradation level (in all compost mixtures) was 95% for DFC and 68% for TCS. Pharmaceuticals entering into the soil may affect microbial activity, plant growth and development, and may have adverse effects on living organisms.

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759-768 T. Albert, K. Karp, M. Starast and T. Paal
The effect of mulching and pruning on the vegetative growth and yield of the half-high blueberry
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The effect of mulching and pruning on the vegetative growth and yield of the half-high blueberry

T. Albert¹, K. Karp¹, M. Starast¹ and T. Paal²

¹Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental
Sciences , Kreutzwaldi 1A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
²Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering,
Kreutzwaldi 1A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, e- mail: tairi.albert@emu.ee

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of different mulches (peat, sawdust, plastic) and different pruning methods (moderate, severe) on the growth and yield of the half–high blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum x Vaccinium angustifolium) ´Northblue´. The effect of a mixture of soil and peat was studied in the case of peat alone and peat and plastic mulches. The experiment was established in 1996 in South Estonia and in 2002 blueberry bushes were pruned. The results of the study showed that mulching significantly influenced nutrient content and pH. Depending on the mulch, the soil pH ranged from 4.5 to 6.1 – there was more acid soil in the peat treatment. The use of mulches had some influence on productivity of pruned half-high blueberry plants. When peat was applied a canopy of pruned plants recovered very well after one year. Within three years the plants had the same yield as un-pruned variants but four years after pruning the yield was highest in the variants where peat was applied. Plastic mulch is not suitable for blueberries: it decreases the yield and four years after pruning the normal plant growth in our study had not recovered. Severe pruning is more suitable for half-high blueberry fruiting plants in northern climate conditions.

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