Product-oriented production of industrial hemp according to climatic conditions

Ē. Teirumnieka¹*, Da. Blumberga¹, E. Teirumnieks² and V. Stramkale³

¹Riga Technical University, Institute of Energy Systems and Environment, Azenes Iela 12/1, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
²Rezekne Academy of Technologies, Engineering Institute, Atbrivosanas aleja 115, LV-4601 Rezekne, Latvia
³Latvia University of Life Science and Technologies, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Department of Crop Breeding and Agroecology, Latgale Agricultural Research Centre, Kulturas laukums 1a, Vilani, LV-4650 Vilanu novads, Latvia
*Correspondence: erika.teirumnieka@gmail.com

Abstract:

Cultivation area of industrial hemp in Europe has increased since 2012. It is expected that in future its production will increase, because European Union (EU) policy focuses more on the ‘green deal’ goals. Research into the effects of climate conditions (temperature and rainfall) on growth is important to select the best industrial hemp varieties for hemp products. The objective of the research is identifying industrial hemp varieties suitable for seed, fiber and shives production in varying pedo-climatic conditions in order to obtain products with the highest added value.
Four industrial hemp varieties were used for the research: ‘Purini’ (Latvia), ‘Bialobrzeskie’ (Poland), ‘USO -31’ (France-Ukraine), ‘Finola’ (Finland). Field trials were carried out in Eastern Latvia in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2019. Climatic indicators were recorded during the vegetation period from April to September. Yields of seeds, fibre, shives and total biomass were determined during the research. Factor analysis method was used to determine the impact of temperature and rainfall on the yield of seeds, fibres and shives. The study of climatic factors shows that the effect of temperature and rainfall on seed, shives and fiber yields strongly depends on the variety

Key words:

Biomass yield of silage maize, fertilizers efficiency, and soil properties under different soil-climate conditions and fertilizer treatments

L. Hlisnikovský¹, P. Barlog², E .Kunzová¹, M. Vach¹ and L. Menšík³

¹Division of Crop Management System, team Management of Nutrients in Agrosystems, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ161 01 Prague 6, Czech Republic
²Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, Wojska Polskiego 71F, PL60-625 Poznan, Poland
³Division of Crop Management System, team Sustainable Management and Utilization of Permanent Grassland, Crop Research Institute, K.H. Borovského 461, CZ569 43 Jevíčko, Czech Republic

Abstract:

We evaluated the efficiency (the netto agronomic efficiency – NAE, the physiological efficiency – PE, and the apparent recovery efficiency – ARE) of farmyard manure (FYM) applied alone, and together with mineral N (FYM+N), and NPK (FYM+NPK), on the biomass production of silage maize at three localities (Caslav, Ivanovice, Lukavec) in the Czech Republic, characterised by different soil-climate conditions. The effect of fertilizer treatment on soil chemical properties was also analyzed. After four years of evaluation, the application of FYM resulted in comparable biomass production as in the FYM+N, and FYM+NPK treatments, showing the good ability of the mineralized FYM to provide enough nutrients during the growing season. Increasing doses of applied nutrients were connected with higher biomass production. However, no significant differences were recorded between fertilizer treatments. The efficiency of applied nutrients was higher on soils of worst quality (sandy loamy Cambisol – Lukavec), while lower on naturally fertile loamy degraded Chernozem (Ivanovice). But again, no significant differences between the selected parameters were recorded. Although the application of mineral fertilizers has not increased maize biomass yield significantly, they positively affected soil chemical properties, mainly the soil concentration of P, K, Mg, and soil organic carbon content. This shows the beneficial effect of the application of mineral fertilizers, especially in the Czech Republic, where the application of mineral P and K decreased drastically during the last thirty years.

Key words:

fertilizer efficiency, NPK, organic manure, soil–climate conditions, Zea mays L.