Tag Archives: tillage depth

751-763 J. Olt, V. Bulgakov, O. Trokhaniak, M. Klendii, Ia. Gadzalo, M. Ptashnik and M. Tkachenko
Harrow with screw-type operating tools: optimisation of design and process parameters
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Harrow with screw-type operating tools: optimisation of design and process parameters

J. Olt¹*, V. Bulgakov², O. Trokhaniak², M. Klendii³, Ia. Gadzalo⁴, M. Ptashnik⁵ and M. Tkachenko⁵

¹Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, 56 Kreutzwaldi Str., EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³Separated Subdivision of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Berezhany Agrotechnical Institute, 20 Academchna Str., Berezhanu, Ternopil region, UA 47501, Ukraine
⁴National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Mykhailo Omelyanovych-Pavlenko Str., UA01010, Kyiv, Ukraine
⁵National Science Center, Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine,
2-b Mashynobudivnykiv Str., Chabany vil., Kyiv-Sviatoshyn Dist., UA08162 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
*Correspondence: jyri.olt@emu.ee

Abstract:

A new design of the harrow with screw-type operating tools is presented in the paper. It describes the theoretical and experimental investigations carried out for the purpose of optimising the design and process parameters of the harrow with screw-type operating tools. Such optimisation will provide for improving the soil fertility, when burying chaff and other plant residues as organic fertilisers into the soil during its tillage. On the basis of the results obtained in the comprehensive experimental investigations, new regression relations have been generated. These relations provide for determining the proportion of the field surface, where the after harvesting residues have been completely buried in the soil with the harrow with screw-type operating tools. It has been established that the dominant effect on the relative amount of the field surface area S with completely worked-in plant residues is produced by the soil tillage depth h, then follows the factor of the screw-type operating device battery approach angle β. The pitch distance Т of the screw-type operating device has the smallest effect. The results of the completed research prove that increasing the pitch distance Т of the screw-type operating tool from 0.18 m to 0.26 m results in the decrease in the area S of the field surface with the plant residues buried in the soil by 1.4%. An increase in the approach angle β from 20° to 40° results in the increase in the field surface area S with the plant residues completely worked into the soil by 5.6%. Increasing the soil tillage depth from 0.08 m to 0.12 m results in the increase in the above-mentioned surface S by 7.1%. The simultaneous action of the factors of the tillage depth h and the approach angle β results in the percentage of the surface S rising from 72% to 82%.

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1914-1928 H. Salari, R.S. Antil and Y.S. Saharawat
Responses of onion growth and yield to different planting dates and land management practices
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Responses of onion growth and yield to different planting dates and land management practices

H. Salari¹*, R.S. Antil² and Y.S. Saharawat³

¹Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Amity Institute of Horticulture Studies and Research, Amity Road, Sector 125, Noida, IN 201301 Uttar Pradesh, India
²Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity Road, Sector 125, Noida, IN 201301 Uttar Pradesh, India
³ICAR - Indian Agriculture Research Institute, Department of Soil Science, Pusa road, New Delhi, IN 110012 Delhi, India
*Correspondence: h.salari@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Local varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) are believed to be well adopted to agroecological conditions of their respective growing region but their lower productivity is a concern to be addressed. The variety ‘Safid e Paisaye’ was selected for this investigation due to its long storability and higher market demand. The present study was carried out at Agriculture Research Farm of Kabul University to study the influence of land management practices and planting dates on growth and yield of onion. Different agronomic traits including number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf area per plant, leaf area index, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), maturity period, marketable yield and total yield were studied in these trials. The recorded data were statistically analysed with R software. The planting dates had significant influence on growth and yield of onions. At 90 days after sowing, the highest number of leaves per plant (7.18), leaf length (30.07 cm), leaf area per plant (277.43 cm2), leaf area index (0.93) and NDVI (0.29) were recorded for the first planting date (10th May). Similarly, the longest maturity period (176.44 days) and highest marketable yield (37.01 t ha-1) and total yield (40.08 t ha-1) were also observed under the first planting date. Land management practices did not have significant effect on growth and maturity period of onions. However, the marketable yield was influenced by tillage depth and land preparation. The deep tillage and flatbed recorded highest marketable yield of 38.58 t ha-1 and 26.9 t ha-1, respectively. The results of the study indicate that, early planting was more appropriate to get vigorous and high yielding onions. The deep ploughed flatbeds were appropriate to get higher marketable yield of onions.

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1962-1972 V. Bulgakov, V. Nadykto, V. Kaminskiy, Z. Ruzhylo, V. Volskyi and J. Olt
Experimental research into the effect of harrowing unit’s operating speed on uniformity of cultivation depth during tillage in fallow field
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Experimental research into the effect of harrowing unit’s operating speed on uniformity of cultivation depth during tillage in fallow field

V. Bulgakov¹, V. Nadykto², V. Kaminskiy³, Z. Ruzhylo¹, V. Volskyi⁴ and J. Olt⁵*

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroyiv Oborony street, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, 18B Khmelnytsky Avenue, UA72310 Melitopol, Zaporozhye Region, Ukraine
³National Scientific Centre, Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine, 2b, Mashinobudivnikiv street, Chabany vil., Kyiv-Svyatoshin Dist., UA08162 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
⁴National Scientific Centre, Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, 11 Vokzalna street, Glevakha stl, Vasylkivsky Dist., UA08631 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
⁵Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology, 56 Kreutzwaldi street, EE 51006 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: jyri.olt@emu.ee

Abstract:

Retention of soil moisture is an urgent topic of the day in the cultivation of agricultural crops. Using fallow fields is one of the ways to solve the named problem, but the tilling of such fields requires observing some special conditions, in particular, the capillary effects in their upper soil layers must be cut down. For that purpose, the authors have proposed a special harrow equipped with the tools capable of fulfilling the above-mentioned task. The authors have carried out extensive field experiment research into the tillage of fallow soils with the use of the said implement. In order to apply the implement, a new harrow unit has been developed. The results obtained during the experiment research have been processed with the use of statistical methods and it has been established that the depth of harrowing in the tilled field decreases, when the operating speed of the combined unit under consideration increases to 3.3 m s–1. At the same time, the variances of oscillations of the parameter under research in accordance with the Cochran’s C test remain uniform. Also, the frequency of the harrowing depth oscillations changes insignificantly. That is supported by the correlation lengths of the normalized correlation functions of the process under consideration, which, at the above-mentioned operating speed, stay within the sufficiently narrow range of values: 0.16–0.20 m. According to the results of the experimental investigations, the maximum value of the normalized cross-correlation function for the relation between the oscillations of the field harrowing depth and the oscillations of the field’s longitudinal profile does not exceed 0.12. This testifies to the absence of any substantial interrelation between the said two stochastic processes, which is quite reasonable in view of the small values of the variance and period of the oscillations of the field’s longitudinal profile. The probability of the new combined tractor and harrow unit maintaining the tolerance of the fallow field cultivation depth oscillations within the range of ± 1 cm is equal to 82%. Within each 1.85 m of the distance travelled by the combined soil cultivation unit under consideration, only one instance of the field cultivation depth deviating from the ± 1 cm tolerance can be expected.

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