Tag Archives: cotton

432–449 S. Karydogianni, M.K. Darawsheh, I. Kakabouki, Ch. Zisi, A.E. Folina, I. Roussis, Z. Tselia1 and D. Bilalis,
Effect of nitrogen fertilizations, with and without inhibitors, on cotton growth and fiber quality
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Effect of nitrogen fertilizations, with and without inhibitors, on cotton growth and fiber quality

S. Karydogianni¹, M.K. Darawsheh², I. Kakabouki¹, Ch. Zisi¹, A.E. Folina¹, I. Roussis¹, Z. Tselia1 and D. Bilalis¹,*

¹Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of
Agronomy, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR11855 Athens, Greece
²Hellenic Agricultural Organization - Demeter/Institute of Industrial & Forage Crops - National Cotton Classification Centre, 1st km Karditsa-Mitropili, Gr43100 Karditsa,
Greece

Abstract:

Considering cotton, one of the most non environmentally friendly crops, new types of fertilizers, such as the urease inhibitor, are now being used for fertilization. Furthermore, the need of increasing the nutrient use efficiency which is an important contributor to yield has arisen. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of four different urea combinations (Urea, Urea+NI+UI, Urea+NI, Urea+UI) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and fiber traits. For this purpose, different inhibitors used on urea fertilizer such as nitrification inhibitor (NI), dicyandiamide (DCD), urease inhibitor (UI), N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, and a combination of urease (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) (double inhibitor). Additionally, Nitrogen indicators were also used to evaluate the efficiency of these combinations. Two field experiments were conducted in Agrinio and Copaida region, Central Greece during 2019. The total dry weight ranged from 13,027 to 14,481 kg ha-1 in Agrinio area and from 12,567 to 14,136 kg ha-1 in Copaida area. The highest seed cotton yield was recorded under Urea+NI+UI fertilization at 5,145 kg ha-1 application in Copaida area and 5,318 kg ha-1 application in Agrinio area. Also, the total plant nitrogen uptake (kg N ha-1) was affected by the inhibitors NI and UI. The range for Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (NUtE) index was 9.27 to 23.06. Moreover, results indicated that NI and UI inhibitors have a marked effect on fiber quality such as strength (g Tex-1). In the Mediterranean region of Greece, the combined use of inhibitors UI and NI resulted in higher yield and finest fiber quality.

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1170–1181 S. Petrásek and M. Müller
Mechanical qualities of adhesive bonds reinforced with biological fabric treated by plasma
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Mechanical qualities of adhesive bonds reinforced with biological fabric treated by plasma

S. Petrásek and M. Müller

Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 21, Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: petrasek@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

The paper deals with the utilization of a biological reinforcement in the area of an adhesive layer at structural adhesive bonds. A significant disadvantage of adhesive bonds is uneven layer of an adhesive, which can be eliminated by various technological procedures. One possibility is to use a reinforcing even layer. The primary aim of this paper was to experimentally investigate an influence of the surface plasma treatment of natural fabrics (flax, cotton) at different intervals of plasma affecting (0 to 90 seconds and power 350 W) on mechanical properties of the adhesive bond. There were positive results from reinforcing the adhesive bond by a layer of linen and cotton. Strength characteristics of reinforced adhesive bond were increased compared to non–reinforced adhesive bonds. When the linen was used, the strength was increased by 43.2% and when the cotton then 15.5% strength increase could be seen. When modifying the surface by plasma, next adhesive bond’s strength increase was seen. Using the linen there was approx. 47% strength increase, using the cotton the strength increase was approx. 38% compared to non–reinforced adhesive bonds (without reinforcing phase). It is obvious from the results that plasma modifying showed better results when the cotton was used as the reinforcing material. SEM analysis proved that adhesion was improved with plasma surface modification of biological fibres. In other words the distance between the warp and the resin was significantly decreased for 87.1% when using the cotton and by 46.5% when the linen was used.

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121-128 A.A. Amin and M.F. Gergis
Integrated management strategies for control of cotton key pests in Middle Egypt
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Integrated management strategies for control of cotton key pests in Middle Egypt

A.A. Amin and M.F. Gergis

Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, MOA 7, Nady El-Sayied Street, Dokki,Giza 12311, Egypt; e-mail: aahakaa@yahoo.com

Abstract:

In cotton production, there are many factors that can reduce crop yield. One important cause is insects. Insects that cause loss to the fruit are frequently more destructive than those that damage leaves, stems and roots. Cotton in Egypt is subjected to yield and quality losses by arthropod insects; losses extend to oil contents in the seeds. The cotton leaf worm (CLW), Spodoptera littoralis, the pink bollworm (cotton bollworm) (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella and spiny bollworm (SBW), Earias insulana cause the greatest number of yield losses from nearly one million hectares cultivated annually.This study describes an improvement in insect control practices directed against feedinginsects (i.e., CLW, PBW and SBW) by integration of monitoring, biological control, cultural, behavioural and genetic aspects, and bio-insecticides that can serve as a basis for the formulation of a biologically-based new approach of integrated management of key cotton pests. Field studies were conducted during 2004 and 2005 at Minia Governorate, Middle Egypt. The experimental area was about 150 hectares of cotton (Giza-80). Five programs were evaluated. Percentages of infestations, cotton yield and population density of both natural enemies and sucking pests were used as criteria for evaluation of various programs.

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