Indemnities to Russian farmers for losses due to extreme weather event losses: the challenges and opportunities

V.V. Nosov¹⁷*, D.A. Vorob’eva², E.E. Udovik³, V.N. Zhenzhebir⁴, D.E. Morkovkin⁵ and A.A. Gibadullin⁶

¹Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Agrarian Technological Institute, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., RU117198 Moscow, Russia
²Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Department of project management and foreign economic activity in the agro-industrial complex, 1 Teatralnaya square, RU410012 Saratov, Russia
³Kuban State Technological University, Department of Economics and Finance, 2 Moskovskaya Str., RU350072 Krasnodar, Russia
⁴Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Specialized Department of Commercial Policy, 36 Stremyanny lane, RU117997 Moscow, Russia
⁵Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Department of Economic Theory, 49 Leningradsky avenue, RU125167 Moscow, Russia
⁶State University of Management, Department of economics and management, 99 Ryazansky Prospekt, RU109542 Moscow, Russian
⁷Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Department of Management and Economics, 9 Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Str., RU125993 Moscow, Russia
*Correspondence: novla@list.ru

Abstract:

The paper aims to examine indemnity payments to Russian farmers for weather-related loss. Indemnity payments can be made as crop insurance payments or direct payments from budget. The manuscript presents the official data on damage caused by extreme weather and the amount of insurance payments and direct payments to farmers for the years 2005–2021. To process the results of our research, we performed correlation and regression analysis using STATISTICA package. We presented the results of the research in tabular and graphical forms. The research revealed that the average proportion of insurance payments for crop losses in indemnity payments to farmers is 22.1%, and direct payments from budgets of various levels amount to 25.7%. Indicatively, 52.2% of damage remains uncompensated. According to findings, RUB 1 billion in premium subsidies raises insured area by 0.14% under a steady trend, while other factors result in reduction by 1.1%. The paper reviews the barriers that hinder the development of subsidized crop insurance. We propose a series of measures that can promptly improve the current situation, such as the stabilization of the legal framework, a tighter control over insurance rates and the need for authorities to stem corruption. We also note that in setting insurance rates, it is important to consider the farming techniques, selective breeding potential, and adoption of index insurance.

Key words:

budget, crop cultivation, crop insurance, indemnity, loss, risk

Experimental study of the distribution of the heights of sugar beet root crowns above the soil surface

V. Bulgakov¹, M. Arak², A. Boris³, M. Boris⁴, V. Bandura⁵ and J. Olt²*

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroyiv Oborony street, UA 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology, 56 F.R. Kreutzwaldi street, EE 51006 Tartu, Estonia
³National Scientific Centre, Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Electrification, 11 Vokzalna street, Glevakhcha-1, Vasylkiv District, UA 08631 Kiev region, Ukraine
⁴Podolski State Agricultural and Technical University, 13 Shevchenko street, Kamenetz-Podilsk, UA 32300 Khmelnytsky region, Ukraine
⁵Vinnytsia National Agrarian University of Ukraine, 3 Soniachna street UA21008 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
*Correspondence: jyri.olt@emu.ee

Abstract:

The results of experimental studies and operational tests of the sugar beet harvesting process carried out recently reveal that the latest models of beet harvesters produced in Europe and America cause considerable loss of the sugar-bearing mass. The source of this loss is mainly the poor topping of the crowns of standing sugar beet roots, more specifically the excessively low point at which the tops are cut off, which results in the straight out loss of sugar-bearing mass. Thus, there is need to search for such engineering solutions that would avoid both the loss of sugar-bearing mass and the presence of residual haulm on the roots. The aim of this study was to reduce the loss of sugar-bearing mass in the process of topping sugar beet root crowns. The results of this research into the distribution of the heights that root crowns protrude above the soil surface have confirmed the hypothesis that it follows the normal distribution. Based on the results, it has been established that this distribution has the following statistical parameters: mean deviation a = 20–30 mm, mathematical expectation m = 40…60 mm. The laboratory unit developed for this work and the field studies performed with it have provided sufficient evidence to develop a new system to automatically adjust the topping height on state-of-the-art root crop harvesters.

Key words: