Tag Archives: proline

685-702 M. del Rosario Jacobo-Salcedo, R. David Valdez-Cepeda, I. Sánchez-Cohen, L.Á. González-Espíndola, J.G. Arreola-Ávila and R. Trejo-Calzada
Physiological mechanisms in Ficus carica L. genotypes in response to moisture stress
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Physiological mechanisms in Ficus carica L. genotypes in response to moisture stress

M. del Rosario Jacobo-Salcedo¹³, R. David Valdez-Cepeda², I. Sánchez-Cohen³, L.Á. González-Espíndola¹, J.G. Arreola-Ávila¹ and R. Trejo-Calzada¹*

¹Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Unidad Regional de Zonas Áridas, Carretera Gómez Palacio-Cd. Juárez, km 40, C.P. 35230, Bermejillo, Durango, México
²Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Centro Regional Universitario Centro-Norte,
Apdo, Postal 196, C.P. 98001, Zacatecas, México
³Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Relaciones Agua Suelo Planta Atmósfera del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, km 6.5 Canal Sacramento Zona Industrial, C.P. 35140, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México
*Correspondence: rtrejo@chapingo.uruza.edu.mx

Abstract:

The genus Ficus comprises cultivated and wild species that vary in phenotypic characteristics of both the plant and the fruit. This genus is considered to originate from Mediterranean regions and arid lands of Europe and Africa, known as the Fertile Crescent. Ficus carica L. (fig) is a globally emerging fruit crop due to its increasing production trends and capacity to produce in low water availability. Understanding the fig tree’s responses to water deficit is essential for adapting to sustainable production and climate change. In this study, we investigated the water deficit tolerance of native Ficus carica accession and the Black Mission commercial variety. This research aimed to define the relationship between resistance to water deficit and plant physiological and biochemical markers (physiological and biochemical). Those markers considered relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci), transpiration (E), proline (Pro), and soluble sugar content (SSC). The results revealed that fig genotypes exhibit various adaptive mechanisms and physiological responses to water deficit, including osmotic adjustment, stomatal regulation, and proline accumulation. The water deficit condition was confirmed by measuring the soil water potential; the maximum values were in the range of -2.1 to -3.6 MPa. The ‘Guadalupe Victoria’ accession demonstrated significant water deficit resilience by maintaining higher PN values in low water availability. Additionally, the study highlighted the role of osmotic adjustments in maintaining water balance and cellular function during stress periods. These findings will provide valuable insights for the selection process of genotypes with enhanced drought tolerance in water-limited environments.

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156-174 M. Kolesnikov, T. Gerasko, Yu. Paschenko, L. Pokoptseva, O. Onyschenko and A. Kolesnikova
Effect of water deficit on maize seeds (Zea mays L.) during germination
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Effect of water deficit on maize seeds (Zea mays L.) during germination

M. Kolesnikov¹, T. Gerasko¹, Yu. Paschenko¹, L. Pokoptseva¹, O. Onyschenko¹ and A. Kolesnikova²*

¹Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Agrotechnology and Ecology Faculty, Department of crop production and horticulture, 226 Soborny Avenue, UA69006 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
²Charles University, Ovocný trh 560/5, CZ11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: maksym.kolesnikov@tsatu.edu.ua

Abstract:

Global climate changes cause the frequent recurrence of droughts, which reduce crop production more than any other environmental factor. This study was conducted to access the effect of water deficit on maize seeds (Zea mays L.) DKC 5143 hybrid during germination. The tasks were to assess the influence of different rank of osmotic stress on the maize lipid peroxidation (LPO), proline content, catalase and aminotransferases activities, and morphometric parameters during the early stages of maize seeds germination. The maize seeds were exposed to five levels of water availability which produced by PEG-1500 solutions (0, 20, 50, 100, 200 g L‑1). Seeds of maize were germinated on Petri dishes for 7 days under controlled parameters. Amounts of TBARS were increased in maize sprouted seeds by 1.9 times, coleoptiles by 1.4 times, and in roots – by 1.9 times under water deficit. Proline content increased by 9.2 times in coleoptiles and by 6.0 times in 7 days maize roots while PEG-1500 (200 g L–1) treatment. An increasing of catalase (CAT), aminotransferases (ALT, AST) activities according to osmotic potential value was also observed. A remarkable development of maize oxidative reaction was associated with a significant reduction in emergence, wet weight and length of water-stressed plants. These results assume that the maize adaptive strategy to osmotic stress during germination was found in the activation of LPO and antioxidant components. The findings provide useful help for correcting the stress state of maize using osmotically active regulators.

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1261–1272 V. Alle, A. Osvalde, M. Vikmane and U. Kondratovics
The effect of cadmium and lead pollution on growth and physiological parameters of field beans (Vicia faba)
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The effect of cadmium and lead pollution on growth and physiological parameters of field beans (Vicia faba)

V. Alle¹*, A. Osvalde², M. Vikmane¹ and U. Kondratovics¹

¹University of Latvia, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, 1 Jelgavas street, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
²University of Latvia, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 3 Miera street, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
*Correspondence: vita.alle@lu.lv

Abstract:

Research on the impact of soil contamination on crops is important as plants directly take up heavy metals from the soil through the roots, so heavy metals can enter the food chain. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution on growth and physiological parameters of field beans. Plants in the vegetation experiment were grown under controlled conditions. Changes in growth and physiological parameters were studied at five levels of Cd (0–25 mg L-1) and at 6 levels of Pb in substrate: from (0–1,000 mg L-1) at the first day of the experiment, to (0–2,000 mg L-1) at the end of the experiment after gradual Pb additions after every sample collecting day. Methods used for analysing the plant material: the content of amino acid proline and photosynthetic pigments were determined by spectrophotometry; chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters – using continuous excitation chlorophyll fluorimeter. The fresh weight of plant above-ground parts and roots was detected. The growth and development of field beans was slightly influenced by increasing amount of Cd and Pb in substrate only at the end of the experiment. The highest Cd treatments (Cd20 and Cd25) caused 2.5 and 1.3 times increased proline concentration in bean leaves. The chlorophyll a + b content and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm changed differently throughout the experiment. In general, during the experiment, there was a tendency for the content of proline in leaves for Pb treatments to be increased compared to control. At the end of the experiment the content of proline in field bean leaves of the highest Pb treatments (Pb600 + 100 + 400 + 500, Pb800 + 100 + 400 + 500 and Pb 1,000 + 100 + 400 + 500) was 1.66, 1.44 and 1.55 times higher, respectively, than that of the control plant leaves. The negative impact of exposure to Pb on chlorophyll a + b, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter PIndex and Fv/Fm in bean leaves was less pronounced compared to Cd. The obtained results confirm that field beans until their flowering stage can grow and develop in the presence of a large amount of Cd and Pb in substrate without significant growth inhibition and detrimental impact on physiological parameters, if optimal cultivation conditions are provided.

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