Tag Archives: soft wheat

1545-1561 L.E. Kolesnikov, M.V. Uspenskaya, M.I. Kremenevskaya, A.G. Orlova, I.E. Razumova and Yu.R. Kolesnikova
The biological basis for the use of acrylic hydrogel and protein growth stimulant in the soft wheat and triticale cultivation
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The biological basis for the use of acrylic hydrogel and protein growth stimulant in the soft wheat and triticale cultivation

L.E. Kolesnikov¹*, M.V. Uspenskaya², M.I. Kremenevskaya², A.G. Orlova¹, I.E. Razumova¹ and Yu.R. Kolesnikova³

¹Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Faculty of Agrotechnologies, Soil science and Ecology, Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Petersburgskoe Shosse, 2, RU196601 St-Petersburg – Pushkin, Russia
²ITMO University, School of Biotechnology and Cryogenic Systems, Faculty of Food Biotechnologies and Engineering, 49 Kronverksky Pr., RU197101 St-Petersburg, Russia
³Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), genetic resource of wheat department, plant introduction department, Bolshaya Morskaya ul. 42–44, RU190000 St-Petersburg, Russia
*Correspondence: kleon9@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The development of technologies for the environmentally friendly biopreparations production and use including biopreparations based on acrylic hydrogel and protein growth stimulant, which is obtained by chemical hydrolysis from by-products of slaughtered animals processing is carried out as part of the optimization of the phytosanitary condition of wheat crops and creation of favourable agro-ecological conditions for its cultivation. An important feature of acrylic hydrogel is the ability to retain and release water to plants when needed. At the same time, protein hydrolysate can provide plants with an additional source of nitrogen which is a component of plant proteins, chlorophyll and it is necessary for normal growth and development of plants during the vegetation. The addition of the protein growth stimulant to acrylic hydrogel expands the potential application of Super Moisture Absorbent (SMA) due to the long-term growth-stimulating effect on plants. The acrylic hydrogel and protein growth stimulant were added to the soil when wheat sowing in the certain concentrations and proportions. Wheat productivity was studied by the indicators complex, characterized the plants morphological features and the yield structure. Assessment of the degree of plant affection caused by pathogens was carried out both according to the generally accepted phytopathological indicator – conditional intensity of development, and using additional parameters. In the research, it was found that acrylic hydrogel and protein growth stimulant provide an increase in wheat yield and reduce the pathogens harmfulness. In combined application, they can be used in agriculture for wheat cultivation as a low-cost and environmentally friendly soil conditioner.

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1791-1812 L.E. Kolesnikov, N.S. Priyatkin, M.V. Arkhipov, I.E. Razumova, D.Yu. Radishevskiy and Yu.R. Kolesnikova
Influence of the structural and functional characteristics of the seeding material on the yield structure elements and resistance to leaf diseases of spring soft wheat
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Influence of the structural and functional characteristics of the seeding material on the yield structure elements and resistance to leaf diseases of spring soft wheat

L.E. Kolesnikov¹*, N.S. Priyatkin², M.V. Arkhipov², I.E. Razumova¹, D.Yu. Radishevskiy¹ and Yu.R. Kolesnikova³

¹Saint–Petersburg State Agrarian University, Faculty of Agrotechnologies, Soil science
and Ecology, Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Petersburgskoe Shosse, 2,
RU196601 St-Petersburg - Pushkin, Russia
²Agrophysical Research Institute (ARI), plant biophysics division, Grazhdanskiy ave. 14,
RU195220 St-Petersburg, Russia
³Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
(VIR), genetic resource of wheat department, plant introduction department, Bolshaya
Morskaya ul. 42–44, RU190000, St-Petersburg, Russia
*Correspondence: kleon9@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The high-quality grain use when sowing is a necessary condition for obtaining a high yield. Along with the standard tests regulated by the ISTA (International Seed Testing Association), there are promising introscopic techniques for the seed material quality controlling – methods of microfocus radiography and gas discharge visualization (electrophotography). The effect of structural and functional characteristics of the seeding material on the wheat productivity and diseases resistance was studied out on the experimental field of the Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Ten accessions of soft wheat with the ‘parametric passport’ (including more than thirty optical parameters, including gas discharge images, morpho- and densitometric analysis of X-ray patterns) were used as an experimental seeding material. Unviable wheat seeds, in comparison with healthy ones, were characterized mainly by a smaller area, form coefficient, standard deviation of three-dimensional fractality by isoline, entropy by isoline, higher brightness and standard deviation of the isoline radius of the gas discharge images. Morpho- and densitometric indices of unviable seeds differed in reduced values of the circle factor, roundness, minimum and maximum average brightness, but in greater elongation and optical density of the X-ray patterns projection. The intensity of wheat affection by diseases has varied depending on the structural and functional characteristics of seeds. It was noted, that the brown rust development decreased with an increase in the entropy by isoline, the contour irregularity and the average radius of the isoline.

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1530-1544 L.E. Kolesnikov, A.A. Belimov, E.Y. Kudryavtseva, B.A. Hassan and Yu.R. Kolesnikova
Identification of the effectiveness of associative rhizobacteria in spring wheat cultivation
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Identification of the effectiveness of associative rhizobacteria in spring wheat cultivation

L.E. Kolesnikov¹, A.A. Belimov², E.Y. Kudryavtseva³, B.A. Hassan⁴ and Yu.R. Kolesnikova³

¹Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Faculty of Agrotechnologies, Soil science and Ecology, Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Petersburgskoe Shosse, 2, RU196601, St. Petersburg - Pushkin, Russia
²Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology”, Laboratory of rhizosphere microflora, sh. Podbelskogo, 3, RU196608, St. Petersburg, Pushkin-8, Russia
³Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), genetic resources of wheat department, plant introduction department, Bolshaya Morskaya Str. 42–44, RU190000, St. Petersburg, Russia
⁴Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Office, Abo-Ghraib, St. Al-Zaytun, H.
IQ10081, Baghdad, Iraq
*Correspondence: kleon9@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The maximum increase in wheat yield (by 67% to the control), associated with a decrease in the root rot development by 19%, an increase in the productive bushiness by 18%, the spike weight by 26%, in the grains number per spike by 8% was noted when using the Bacillus subtilis strain 124-11; the strain effect on leaf diseases was insignificant (2–5%). The plants differed in the maximum changes (to control) in the total bushiness by 59%, the plants vegetative part weight by 27%, the flag leaf area by 21%, the pre-flag leaf area by 28%, the roots numbers and weight by 20% and 62%. After plants treatments with the Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SPB2137, the wheat maturation period was reduced by 9% (to the control), wheat yield increased by 58% due to a decrease in the development of root rot and septoria by 18%, the yellow rust pustules area by 44%; the productive bushiness and plant height increased by 25% and 19%, the plant vegetative weight by 21%, the spike length by 4%. The most expressed protective and growth-stimulating effect was shown by the Sphingomonas sp. K1B, which caused a maximum decrease (to the control) in the root rot and yellow rust development by 22% and 7%, the strips length by 22%, the pustules number in the strip by 29%, brown rust by 10%, septoria by 11%. Wheat plants were characterized by a large number and length of roots by 17% and 13%, root weight by 49%, a maximum increase in the nodal roots number and length by 15% and 17%; total bushiness by 34.5%; a maximum increase in plant vegetative weight by 37%; the spike length by 3%.

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2436–2448 L.E. Kolesnikov, I.I. Novikova, E.V. Popova, N.S. Priyatkin, E.V. Zuev, Yu.R. Kolesnikova and M.D. Solodyannikov
The effectiveness of biopreparations in soft wheat cultivation and the quality assessment of the grain by the digital x-ray imaging
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The effectiveness of biopreparations in soft wheat cultivation and the quality assessment of the grain by the digital x-ray imaging

L.E. Kolesnikov¹*, I.I. Novikova², E.V. Popova², N.S. Priyatkin³, E.V. Zuev⁴, Yu.R. Kolesnikova⁴ and M.D. Solodyannikov¹

¹Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Faculty of Agrotechnologies, Soil science and Ecology, Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Petersburgskoe Shosse (highway), 2, RU196601 St-Petersburg – Pushkin, Russia
²All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), Laboratory of microbiological plant protection, shosse Podbel’skogo highway, 3, RU196608 Saint Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia
³Agrophysical Research Institute (ARI), plant biophysics division, Grazhdanskiy ave. 14, RU195220 St-Petersburg, Russia
⁴Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), genetic resource of wheat department, plant introduction department, Bolshaya Morskaya street, 42–44, RU190000 St–Petersburg, Russia
*Correspondence: kleon9@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The main trend of modern crop production is the expansion of the use of plant protection solutions and technologies, that ensure not only effective management of the number of populations of harmful organisms, but also the production of environmentally safe agricultural products with minimal anthropogenic impact on agro-ecosystems. One of our priorities is to develop new environmentally sound polyfunctional biopreparations, that combine useful properties of microbial strains such as phytopathogen antagonists and chitosan compositions that increase disease resistance. The introscopic analysis of the seed material quality realized with the non–destructive express techniques application was used for evaluation the effectiveness of the compositions’ complex influence on plants. The research studies the effectiveness of the influence of Bacillus subtilis strains and chitosan compositions, including their combined effect, on soft wheat productivity and its damage by disease agents. Data on the quality assessment of the grain using microfocus x-ray radiography and gas-discharge visualization (electrophotography) are also provided. The complex of more than 20 structural elements of wheat productivity was analysed during the research. Assessment of the plant damage intensity according to the standard criterion – the disease development, and additional phytopathological indicators was carried out. The evaluation of the grains’ introscopic characteristics was carried out by the microfocus x-ray radiography techniques combined with the digital x-ray image analysis. It is shown that the biopreparation complexes, containing B. subtilis strains and Chitosan, have a combined biological activity manifested in the optimization of wheat plants’ physiological state, increasing productivity, diseases resistance.

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1336–1349 L.E. Kolesnikov, M.I. Kremenevskaya, I.E. Razumova, Yu.R. Kolesnikova, E.V Tambulatova and E.O. Yazeva
The biological basis for the use of protein growth stimulant made from cattle split for wheat foliar feeding and disease suppression
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The biological basis for the use of protein growth stimulant made from cattle split for wheat foliar feeding and disease suppression

L.E. Kolesnikov¹*, M.I. Kremenevskaya², I.E. Razumova¹, Yu.R. Kolesnikova³, E.V Tambulatova² and E.O. Yazeva²

¹Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Faculty of Agrotechnology, Soil science and Ecology, Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine, 2 Petersburg Shosse (highway), RU196601 St-Petersburg – Pushkin, Russia
²ITMO University, School of Biotechnology and Cryogenic Systems, Faculty of Food Biotechnologies and Engineering, 49 Kronverksky Pr., RU197101 St- Petersburg, Russia
³Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Ministry of Science and higher education, Department of Plant Introduction, 42-44 Bolshaya Morskaya street, RU190000 St-Petersburg, Russia
*Correspondence: kleon9@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The new modern preparation – protein growth stimulant – was generated in accordance with technology of employees of Saint-Petersburg ITMO University and Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University. Biological activity of the preparation was determined by measurements of 20 indicators of the wheat productivity. In addition, 16 indicators of different types of pathogenesis were determined. These can be formed at distribution of Helminthosporium root rot, wheat rust species, powdery mildew and wheat leaf blotch. The use of the protein growth stimulant promoted increase of potential yield in 80% of samples. In comparison with the control, 15 wheat varieties, treated with the preparation, showed an increase in the main productivity indicators: the length of the spike, the number of spikelets per spike, the weight of 1,000 grains, the productive tilling capacity and the general bushiness. The intensity of Helminthosporium root rot development decreased 11.9% (it was found in 53.3% of samples) and the wheat leaf blotch by 15.6% (in 66.7% of samples). The wheat brown rust development intensity decreased insignificantly (3.6% compared to the control). In the same time, values of the pathogen pustule area decreased at average by 79.8%. There was an increase in total nitrogen in wheat leaves at 92% of samples. As was revealed, the effectiveness of the protein growth stimulant largely depends on the wheat variety. To conclude, the prospect of using the new effective protein growth stimulant to increase productivity of wheat and protection from diseases was shown.

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