Tag Archives: chlorophyll fluorescence

560-576 O. Prysiazhniuk, O. Maliarenko, L. Biliavska, V. Voitovska, L. Kononenko, N. Klymovych, N. Poltoretska, O. Strilets and L. Voievoda
Measuring and alleviating drought stress in pea and lentil
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Measuring and alleviating drought stress in pea and lentil

O. Prysiazhniuk¹*, O. Maliarenko¹, L. Biliavska², V. Voitovska¹, L. Kononenko³, N. Klymovych³, N. Poltoretska³, O. Strilets¹ and L. Voievoda³

¹Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 25 Klinichna Str., UA03110 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Poltava State Agrarian University, 1/3 Skovorody Str., UA36003 Poltava, Ukraine
³Uman National University of Horticulture, 1 Instytutska Str., UA20305 Uman, Ukraine
*Correspondence: ollpris@gmail.com

Abstract:

Water deficit in the soil can cause drought stress in plants and drastically affect plant growth and crop yield. Therefore, early detection of drought stress in plants followed by the timely application of agronomic measures to alleviate plant conditions is crucial. This research aimed to study the agronomic practices that could reduce the sensitivity of pea and lentil to drought stress. The practices included (i) soil amendment with moisture retainer (hydrogel), (ii) seed treatment with a growth regulator to promote root formation, (iii) application of a biological formulation to boost soil mycorrhizal biota, and (iv) foliar application of micro fertilisers. The research was carried out in Ukraine in 2015−2020. Drought stress in plants was detected by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence with a portable fluorometer Floratest and calculating the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence Fv/Fm of the photosystem. The content of proline, high values of which in vegetative organs point out to stress in plants, was determined by colorimetric analysis using ninhydrin.

In pea, the incorporation of hydrogel (Aquasorb) and growth regulator (Mycofriend) combined with seed treatment (Kelpak SC) and foliar application of micro fertiliser (Biovit or Freya-Aqua Legumes) at BBCH 14 led to obtaining Fv/Fm values from 0.81 to 0.82. Similarly in lentil, the maximum value of Fv/Fm (0.67) was obtained with the application of all studied agronomic practices, with the correlation coefficient between yield and Fv/Fm at the flowering stage (BBCH 61) r = 0.97. In pea, the correlation between yield and Fv/Fm at the budding stage (BBCH 51) was r = 0.99. The content of proline in photosynthetic plant organs was species-specific; however, in the control treatment, where plants were exposed to drought, its maximum value was 1.10 μmol g-1 in pea and 1.40 μmol g-1 in lentil, while with the application of the proposed agronomic practices proline content was only 0.56 μmol g-1 in pea and 0.36 μmol g-1 in lentil. Obtained strong correlation between proline content in plant vegetative organs and the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence Fv/Fm of the plant photosystem indicates that measurement of Fv/Fm with portable fluorometer might be an effective method of early identification of drought stress in pea and lentil.

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193-221 Y. Tsytsiura
Assessment of the relation between the adaptive potential of oilseed radish varieties (Raphanus sativus l. var. oleiformis Pers.) and chlorophyll fluorescence induction parameters
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Assessment of the relation between the adaptive potential of oilseed radish varieties (Raphanus sativus l. var. oleiformis Pers.) and chlorophyll fluorescence induction parameters

Y. Tsytsiura*

Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Sonyachna street, 3, UA21008 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
*Correspondence: yaroslavtsytsyura@ukr.net, yaroslav301974@gmail.com

Abstract:

The possibility of optimization of the system of varietal identification, particularly of cruciferous crops in the breeding programs an urgent task that needs a scientific solution. A system comparison of a complex model for assessing genotypes for plasticity and stability with indicative basic and derivative indicators of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve (CFI) is proposed as a possible solution to this problem. 14 varieties of oilseed radish of different ecological and geographical origin were chosen as the object of research. Widely tested indicators of both methodological approaches were applied, taking into account the agrotechnological aspects of the analysis of oilseed radish plants for uniformity and stability.

The varietal specificity of the basic indicators of the induction of chlorophyll fluorescence of oilseed radish in response to changes in the stress level of the years of the research period
was established. The determined interval of correlation-regression dependencies at the level
of -0.382–(-0.658) (p < 0.05–0.01) between the indicators of genotypic stability (Gp), adaptability (bi), and selection value (Sv) and the basic indicators of the CFI curve such as minimal fluorescence (F0), fluorescence of the ‘plateau’ zone (Fрl), maximal fluorescence (Fm) and fluorescence stationary level (Fst). Direct correlations were determined at the level of 0.652–0.745 (p < 0.01–0.001) in the same comparison system for maximal fluorescence (Fm), fluorescence rise (dFpl), maximum variable fluorescence (Fv), photochemical efficiency (EP), leaf water potential (Lwp), plant viability index (RFd), efficiency of the initial reactions of photosynthesis (Kprp), coefficient of decline of the fluorescence (Kfd). The indicated pair correlation dependences were confirmed by the results of multiple regression analysis for the value of multiple regression coefficients (R) in the interval of 0.793–0.833 (p < 0.05–0.01).

On the basis of the obtained data, an integrated version of the assessment of varieties of cruciferous crops is proposed, which allows optimization of the system of varietal identification, particularly of cruciferous crops, in the breeding programs of their pre- and post-registration study, as well as the system of searching for donors and sources of relevant traits in the breeding hybridization programs at various levels. In terms of further research, it will be promising to apply this variant of the analysis to wild species of cruciferous crops in a single complex with their cultural forms to assess the regularities of the formation of adaptations under the directed trait selection process.

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805-813 O. Shchuklina, R. Afanasiev, A. Gulevich, E. Baranova, V. Kvitko and O. Kvitko
Using data of optic sensors and pigment content in leaves for efficient diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition
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Using data of optic sensors and pigment content in leaves for efficient diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition

O. Shchuklina¹*, R. Afanasiev², A. Gulevich³, E. Baranova³, V. Kvitko¹ and O. Kvitko⁴

¹Federal State Budgetary Institution of Sciences Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Distant hybridization, Botanic Str., 4, RU127276 Moscow, Russia
²All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikov, Pryanishnikova Str., 31A, RU127434 Moscow, Russia
³All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryzevskaya Str., 42, RU127550 Moscow, Russia
⁴Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, RU119991 Moscow, Russia
*Correspondence: oashuklina@gmail.com

Abstract:

Opportune monitoring and diagnostics of a condition of crops permit to make prompt and proper activities on dressing nitrogen fertilizers. This will allow the plants to use the nitrogen applied efficiently, and therefore reduce their use in field. Since nitrogen that has not been utilized by plants is able to escape into the atmosphere or be washed out of the soil with water. The most accurate diagnostic method is to determine the chemical composition of plants, but it takes quite a long time and requires laboratory conditions, which is not always possible in the field. One of the promising methods is photometric diagnostics of crops using optical instruments. Experiment is carried out in contrasting weather conditions, on soddy-podzolic soil with spring barley and spring rapeseed being investigated. Results of research show the efficiency of using optic sensors (N-testers) for efficient diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition of plants. The readings of the device (N-tester) were compared with the concentration of a and b chlorophyll, determined by a chemical method. Results of diagnostics with portable photometric device ‘Yara’ are correlating with concentrations of chlorophylls a (r=0.96) and b (r = 0.91) in spring rapeseed.Moreover, correlation of rapeseed yield and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b has quantity and inverse relation similar to device indication (r = –0.81 and r = –0.70 respectively). Results of diagnostics with N-tester ‘Spectroluxe’ are strongly correlating with chlorophyll concentration. Device indication correlates stronger with chlorophyll b concentration in spring barley and chlorophyll a concentration in spring rapeseed (rapeseed was investigated in dryer conditions). Thus, such a modern optical device as N-tester, whose action is based on measuring the concentration of leafy chlorophyll, can replace chemical methods and increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization, which means increasing the productivity of plants and reducing the negative impact of unreasonable use of nitrogen fertilizers.

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3-12 L. Baležentienė and D. Šiuliauskienė
Chlorophyll fluorescence estimation of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) in situ and dependence on different leaf rank and cultivars
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Chlorophyll fluorescence estimation of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) in situ and dependence on different leaf rank and cultivars

L. Baležentienė and D. Šiuliauskienė

Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Studentų 11, Akademija LT–53361, Kauno r., Lithuania;e–mail:ligita.balezentiene@lzuu.lt

Abstract:

The fluorescence measurement in situ of various developmental levels of leaves and various cultivars of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) was carried out at the Research Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture. The object of the investigation was to evaluate the differences of fluorescence of galega cultivars Vidmantai, Laukiai, Melsviai and a breeding number L04–4. The estimation of fluorescence efficiency characterizes the intensity of photosynthesis indirectly and is related to biosynthesis. The yield of the synthesized biomass was also determined. The most intensive fluorescence yield value of the 2nd and the 3rd leaf ranks and plants was determined at the flowering stage in situ. The indices of fluorescence (fluorescence in steady–state light Ft and maximal fluorescence Fm, quantum yield of electron transport Y and electron transport rate ETR) were smaller in a lower leaf rank and in more old leaves of the galega cultivars tested. All quantities of the investigated fluorescence indices statistically significant (P = 0.95) decreased and reached the minimal value both of the older leaves (the 4th–the 6th leaf ranks) and of the youngest (the 1st rank) leaves in comparison with the peak values of the 2nd and the 3rd leaf ranks of all investigated cultivars. It was established that a strong and statistically significant parabolic curvature (0.78145 ≤ η ≤ 0.97385) of different leaf ranks depend on fluorescence indices Ft, Fm and Y/ETR with a leaf rank predomination by 60.3–86.0, 67.2–84.9 and 62.8–94.8% respectively.

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461-464 A. Wagner, W. Michalek and A. Jamiolkowska
Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements as indicators of fusariosis severity in tomato plants
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Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements as indicators of fusariosis severity in tomato plants

A. Wagner¹, W. Michalek² and A. Jamiolkowska¹

¹Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Agricultural University,Leszczynskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; e-mail: annawagner@poczta.onet.pl
²Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural University, Akademicka 15,20-950 Lublin, Poland; e-mail: wladyslaw.michalek@ar.lublin.pl

Abstract:

In these experiments the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum populations was investigated. Disease index for inoculated plants was compared to chlorophyll fluorescence parameters measured with the fluorometer PAM. For most of the isolates of higher pathogenicity, the disease index was correlated with the decrease of photosynthetic activity of plants. However, in some cases the damage to the photosystem was more severe than external disease symptoms indicated, suggesting that chlorophyll fluorescence measurements might be helpful in early evaluation of the severity of F. oxysporum.

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