Tag Archives: climate

1146-1159 P. Fernandez, L. Bugalho and N. Pedro
Analysis of the relationship between the weather index of fire danger and occurrences of rural fires. Case study: centro region of portugal
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Analysis of the relationship between the weather index of fire danger and occurrences of rural fires. Case study: centro region of portugal

P. Fernandez¹²³, L. Bugalho⁴ and N. Pedro¹⁵*

¹Polytechnic University of Castelo Branco, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Quinta da Sra. de Miércoles, apartado 119, PT6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
²CERNAS - Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society. Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, PT3045-601 Coimbra Portugal
³MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, PT7006-554 Évora, Portugal
⁴Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Rua C do Aeroporto, PT1749-077 Lisboa, Portugal
⁵QRural - Qualidade De Vida No Mundo Rural, Av. Pedro Álvares Cabral, n. 12, PT6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
*Correspondence: npedro@ipcb.pt

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to design an approach for establishing a plausible relationship between FWI and the monthly average burned area (ABA) and the average number of ignitions (ANI) supported by geographic information systems (GIS). The application of these results will allow the projection of burned areas in forest fires in the future, making mitigation actions possible. This approach was applied to the region of Central Portugal, and to achieve the aims of the study, the following steps were completed: (1) geoprocessing the spatial data of the daily FWI indices, burned area and number of fire ignitions and (2) developing statistical regression models capable of reproducing the variability in burned area and ignition occurrence series from FWI data during the 2001–2017 period. The predicted equations for the burned area as a function of the FWI presented high coefficients of determination for most of the considered periods, thus allowing the projection, with a high degree of confidence, of the monthly burned area values according to the various future climate scenarios. The prediction of the average number of ignitions from the FWI values class proved to be effective for establishing highly adjusted forecast models for July and August. In the spatial analysis at the district level, the ABA and ANI estimation equations were obtained from the FWI values with determination coefficients above 0.90 for most of the districts. Significant differences were observed between the districts in the number of ignitions analysed.

Key words:

burned area, climate, fire occurrence, FWI system, wildfires

1254-1265 L. Paura, L. Berzina, L. Degola, E. Aplocina, D. Kairisa, D. Jonkus and O. Skiste
Trends in milk yield productivity and emissions from the dairy sector in Latvia
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Trends in milk yield productivity and emissions from the dairy sector in Latvia

L. Paura¹, L. Berzina¹*, L. Degola², E. Aplocina², D. Kairisa², D. Jonkus² and O. Skiste³

¹Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Information Technologies, Department of Control Systems, Liela street 2, LV–3001 Jelgava, Latvia
²Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Liela street 2, LV–3001 Jelgava, Latvia
³Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Environment and Civil Engineering, Department of Environment and Water Management, Akademijas street 19, LV–3001 Jelgava, Latvia
*Correspondence: laima.berzina@llu.lv

Abstract:

Dairy cow productivity continuously increased in Latvia in recent years. Despite decreasing numbers of dairy cow population dairy farms have been identified as an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Dairy sector emissions create the largest share of enteric fermentation emissions as well as emissions from manure in housing facilities, during long-term storage and field application within agriculture sector total emissions. The main objective of this study is to present the results of trend analysis in the productivity of the dairy sector and corresponding emission in Latvia. Research is focused on analysis of dairy cow productivity and feeding strategies to quantify the effect of increasing milk yield on GHG emissions. In the framework of this research, emissions were calculated and evaluated for low and high productivity dairy cows according to the methodology of ‘2019 Refinement to the 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories’. During the last decade dairy cow productivity in Latvia has increased and the average milk yield in standard lactation was 8,320 kg per year in 2021. It was observed that 60% of the total number of dairy cows met the requirements of a high-productivity system, while 40% of the dairy cows belonged to low-productivity systems in Latvia. Research results show that total GHG emissions for high-productivity system can reach 5.3 kt CO₂ eq. per 1,000 cows per year, however, for low-productivity system the total amount of emissions does not exceed 3.1 kt CO₂ eq. per 1,000 cows.

Key words:

climate, dairy, emissions., greenhouse gas, productivity

376-396 P.H. Sinaga, Elfiani, R. Yusuf, Nurhayati, R. Yunita, D.W. Utami and S.S. Girsang
Resistance of local rice progeny to ferrous iron toxicity between locations, seasons, and salt application in tidal lands
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Resistance of local rice progeny to ferrous iron toxicity between locations, seasons, and salt application in tidal lands

P.H. Sinaga¹*, Elfiani², R. Yusuf¹, Nurhayati¹, R. Yunita³, D.W. Utami³ and S.S. Girsang¹

¹National Research and Innovation Agency, Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor Regency 16915, Indonesia
²The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Riau, Jl. Kaharudin Nasution No. 341 Pekanbaru, Indonesia
³National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Horticulture and Estate Crops. Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor Regency 16915, Indonesia
*Correspondence; parlinhs2013@gmail.com

Abstract:

Rice is the main food in Indonesia that grows in various agroecosystems. The challenge is ferrous iron toxicity (FIT), wherein adaptive varieties with high yield potential be required to support increased production. The study objectives were to produce tolerant and widely adapted lines of FIT from local parents, to determine the stability of the lines in various environments and seasons in FIT rice fields, and to determine the response of rice lines to salt application. Two local Fe-tolerant parents that is Cekau and Karya, were used as females to produce lines that were tested for FIT. High-yielding lines and early maturity were selected to represent tolerant, quite tolerant, and moderate to FIT. The research was designed according to a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Most of the local cultivar descent were resistant to FIT and stable at various locations and seasons. There was an interaction between the lines and the environment in the multilocation test, but in the high-Fe field test, there was no interaction between the lines and the season. Sensitive lines gave higher yields in the dry season than in the rainy season, but the tolerant lines are not affected by the seasons. The long dry season followed by high rainfall caused the accumulation of Fe on the soil surface to increase followed by a decrease in yields of moderate and sensitive lines. The addition of 200 kg ha^-1 of salt increased the productivity of tolerant, quite tolerant, and moderate lines by improving root quality.

Key words:

adaptation, climate, high-yielding variety, Indonesia, production

588-602 І. Ivanova, М. Serdyuk, V. Malkina, О. Tonkha, O. Tsyz, B. Mazur, A. Shkinder-Barmina, T. Herasko and O. Havryliuk
Cultivar features of polyphenolic compounds and ascorbic acid accumulation in the cherry fruits (Prunus cerasus L.) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine
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Cultivar features of polyphenolic compounds and ascorbic acid accumulation in the cherry fruits (Prunus cerasus L.) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

І. Ivanova¹, М. Serdyuk¹, V. Malkina¹, О. Tonkha², O. Tsyz², B. Mazur², A. Shkinder-Barmina³, T. Herasko¹ and O. Havryliuk²*

¹Tavriya State Agrotechnological University named after Dmytro Motorny, Khmelnytsky Ave., 18 B, UA72312 Melitopol, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony Str., 12 А, 13 UA03041, Kyiv, Ukraine
³Melitopol Research Station of Horticulture, named after M.F. Sydorenko of IH NAAS, Vakulenchuka Str., 99, UA72311 Melitopol, Ukraine
*Correspondence: o.havryliuk@nubip.edu.ua

Abstract:

Cherry is a popular and widespread fruit crop in many European countries. Significant areas of its plantation are located in the Southern Steppe subzone of Ukraine. Modern biochemical research aims to determine the amplitude of cherries varietal difference within the studied species and determine selection possibilities for the most important chemical components. In this regard, the study of fruits biochemical composition of different cherries cultivars is relevant. The aim of the research was to build a mathematical model based on Multiple linear regression method, which reveals the degree of weather factors influence on the dynamics of polyphenolic compounds and ascorbic acid accumulation in cherries fruits in the Southern Steppe subzone of Ukraine and in regions with similar hydrothermal parameters. The cultivar ‘Ihrushka’ was characterized by the lowest variability in the concentration of polyphenolic compounds with the value of the variation coefficient of 9.9%. The optimal average concentration of polyphenolic compounds at the level of 224.6 mg 100 g^-1 had fruits of the cherry cultivar ‘Siianets Turovtsevoi’ (Vp – 12.8%). Fruits of the ‘Vstrecha’ cultivar were characterized by the optimal average concentration of ascorbic acid at the level of 9.6 mg 100 g^-1 and variability of the indicator 14.0%. The dominant influence of varietal characteristics on the polyphenolic compounds accumulation in cherry fruits has been established. The share of the factor impact B was 41.3%. It was determined that weather conditions with a share of influence of 69.2% are crucial for the formation of the ascorbic acid. The correlation analysis showed the presence of a linear correlation between seven weather factors (Х_і, i = 1..7) and the concentration of polyphenolic compounds (Y₁) and ascorbic acid (Y₂) in cherry fruits. The values of the pairwise correlation coefficients r_Y1Xi,r_Y2Xi i = 1..7 were within the interval [-0.55; 0.55], which showed the presence of an impact between these weather factors and the studied indicators. The average monthly precipitation in June became decisive for the accumulation of polypolyphenolic compounds (Δ_X2 =35.2%). The average monthly amount of precipitation in May was determined to be the most important for the formation of the ascorbic acid level (Δ_X1 =37.1%).

Key words:

ascorbic acid, cherry, climate, phenolic compounds, Prunus cerasus L., ridge-regression, stone fruits, variability

487-494 V. Viljasoo,, J. Zadin, H. Jüris and T. Pomerants
Combined air conditioning for heating rooms and improving of indoor climate
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Combined air conditioning for heating rooms and improving of indoor climate

V. Viljasoo¹,*, J. Zadin¹, H. Jüris² and T. Pomerants¹

¹Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Krutzwaldi 56,EE51014 Tartu, Estonia; *Correspondence: viljo.viljasoo@emu.ee
²Company AIRMAKER GTR, Riia 181A, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia

Abstract:

Geothermal equipment consists of intake air pipes, vacuum wards and undergroundconnecting pipes, placed near to a villa. The heat exchange ventilation equipment MENERGA191191 used in ventilation systems makes air inside the device circulate. This patentedequipment differs from the analogues of Germany, Japan, United States, etc. by the coolingexchange device. This device enables remarkable advantages in mounting and construction bydecreasing the length, installation depth and number of air pipes, simplifying and reducing themaintenance and increasing the equipment durability. The geothermal equipment is meant forcreating an environment with a constant temperature of 4 ºC and adjustable relative humidity inwarehouses and basements. It is for improving an indoor climate in villas’ basements,preheating, and air conditioning based on air heating as well. This equipment is indispensablewhen preheating greenhouses and cooling air in the hot season. The analysis of air climateparameters (temperature ϑk, relative humidity Ws, dew point ϑp, absolute humidity Wa,velocity v, oxygen content O2, carbon dioxide content CO2, positive light air ions n+, negativelight air ions n–) passing through the geothermal equipment is presented in the article. Heattechnical data (air specific heat capacity, characteristics of heat and cold exchange processes)are presented. This article summarises the research results of indoor climate qualities andpresents data about energetic-economical efficiency of the geothermal equipment (air specificheat and gross capacities, return air flow specific heat and gross capacities, the economic effectof pre-heating the villa and the post-heating expenses were analysed).

Key words:

climate, environment, equipment, geothermal