Tag Archives: plant density

xxx T. Fedoniuk, P. Pyvovar, P. Topolnytskyi, I. Bezvershuk, V. Tereshchuk and I. Puleko
Estimation of temporal and spatial characteristics of oat development parameters using Sentinel-1 backscatter data
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Estimation of temporal and spatial characteristics of oat development parameters using Sentinel-1 backscatter data

T. Fedoniuk¹*, P. Pyvovar¹, P. Topolnytskyi¹, I. Bezvershuk¹, V. Tereshchuk¹ and I. Puleko²

¹Polissia National University, Staryi Blvd., 7, UA10008 Zhytomyr, Ukraine
²Zhytomyr Military Institute named after S.P. Korolyov, Myru Avenue, 22, UA10004 Zhytomyr, Ukraine
*Correspondence: tanyavasiluk2015@gmail.com

Abstract:

The implementation of precision agriculture is an urgent priority for Ukraine’s agricultural sector under climate change and restricted use of unmanned aerial vehicles in border regions. This study aims to clearly define and evaluate the potential of Sentinel-1 radar data in identifying temporal and spatial variations in oat crop density and structure during the growing season under field conditions in Ukraine.  The technique encompassed the acquisition of Sentinel-1 satellite images in VV and VH polarizations, data processing by SNAP, field assessments of height, plant density, and phenological development, along with statistical analysis of the association between satellite data and land observations. The study demonstrated that the reflectance coefficient values in VV and VH polarizations fluctuate according to the oat development phase: a reduction in backscattering was noted at the onset of the growing season, followed by an increase during the stem formation and earing phases. The VH/VV ratio is responsive to variations in moisture, plant biomass, and stress conditions. The modelling demonstrated a substantial correlation among planting rate, herbicide application, and polarization markers. The findings validate the efficacy of Sentinel-1 for monitoring crop structure irrespective of weather conditions. This method enables farmers to obtain dependable information for making decisions regarding crop management, timely fertilizer application, or harvesting. The regression model demonstrated a consistent association with a R²=0.61, suggesting the potential for further research utilizing multi-year data to develop integrated yield forecasting models.

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16-26 S.S.A. Al-Slevani, Y.Y. Hilal and M.H. Rafiq
An investigation of the amount of grain loss – using plant density and reel index of two popular brands of combine harvesters
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An investigation of the amount of grain loss – using plant density and reel index of two popular brands of combine harvesters

S.S.A. Al-Slevani, Y.Y. Hilal* and M.H. Rafiq

University of Mosul, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural
Machines and Equipment, Iraq
*Correspondence: yousif.yakoub@uomosul.edu.iq

Abstract:

Large wheat fields are cultivated in Iraq every year, especially in the Bazalan region. Although the grain production rate is high in Bazalan, the grain harvest loss is significant. Investigating wheat crop losses in different harvesting units is crucial to making decisions and improving working conditions. The current research was carried out to study the effect of the two popular brands of combine harvesters (New Holland TC56 and John Deere 1450 CWS) based on a relationship between the amount of loss from combine harvesters, reel indexes, and plant density. Three reel indexes (1, 1.5, and 2) and two plant densities (high-density and low-density sites) were considered. A randomised complete block split-plot design with three replications was carried out. The results showed positive superiority of the New Holland TC56 in the percentage of header losses, threshing losses, separation and cleaning losses, total harvest loss, and total loss with the highest performance efficiency of 97.725%; however, the harvester performance efficiency of the John Deere 1450 CWS remained within the acceptable loss limits. Finally, the best results were achieved with a 1.5-reel index level interacting with a high-density site; these results were statistically more significant than the differences between the New Holland TC56 and the John Deere 1450 CWS.

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628–639 E. Wilczewski, G. Harasimowicz-Hermann and G. Lemańczyk
Effect of sowing method and density on the physical properties of the seed bed and oilseed rape yield
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Effect of sowing method and density on the physical properties of the seed bed and oilseed rape yield

E. Wilczewski*, G. Harasimowicz-Hermann and G. Lemańczyk

UTP - University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, PL85-796
Bydgoszcz, Poland

Abstract:

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus), as a plant requiring shallow sowing, is sensitive to water deficiency in the soil during germination. The lack of rainfall results in the delay of emergence and a reduction in plant density before winter. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of various sowing methods (sowing with the furrow method – in furrows 6–8 cm deep; direct sowing into non-cultivated soil using disc coulters and conventional sowing) on the physical properties of the seed bed and winter oilseed rape yield depending on the sowing density (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 seeds per m2). The field study was carried out in 2011–2014, in Albic Luvisols with fine sandy loam texture. Furrow sowing and direct sowing provided higher seed bed moisture than conventional sowing. The use of furrow sowing resulted in the formation of a greater number of siliques per plant than in other sowing methods. Furrow sowing made it possible to produce a higher seed yield than direct sowing, however the oilseed rape yield did not increase significantly in relation to conventional sowing. The winter rapeseed yield after sowing 80–120 seeds per m2 was significantly higher than after sowing 40 and 60 seeds per m2. When using low sowing densities (40 seeds per m2), furrow sowing made it possible to produce a higher seed yield than conventional sowing. The possibility of improving oilseed rape yield by differentiating sowing methods at a density of 60–120 seeds per m2 was not demonstrated.

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2195–2202 І. Bobos, I. Fedosy, O. Zavadska, O. Tonha and J. Olt,
Optimization of plant densities of dolichos (dolichos lablab L. var. lignosus) bean in the Right-bank of Forest-steppe of Ukraine
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Optimization of plant densities of dolichos (dolichos lablab L. var. lignosus) bean in the Right-bank of Forest-steppe of Ukraine

І. Bobos¹, I. Fedosy¹, O. Zavadska¹, O. Tonha¹ and J. Olt²,*

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
Heroyiv Oborony 15, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology, Kreutzwaldi 56,
EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: jyri.olt@emu.ee

Abstract:

The density of the plants of Dolichos bean significantly influenced the economically valuable indicators, because there is always competition for light, moisture and nutrients between plants in the life process. The period from mass sprouting to the technical ripeness was reduced with increasing the plant density. Such a pattern was characteristic of all phases of the growth and development of the Dolichos bean. The plants with high population (71 thousand units ha-1) took short period (60 and 119 days) from germination to the beginning of technical and biological ripeness, respectively, turned out to be the earliest ripening crops. The plants are better illuminated, the soil nutrition conditions are improved and the sanitary-hygienic climate of the crops improves with thinned crops, thereby plant productivity has raised. However, the average yield of scapulabeans and unripe Dolichos seeds is regulated by the density of the plants, and increased in density due to the greater number of plants. The optimum density for Dolichos bean was 71 thousand plants per hectare, at which yields of green shoots and green peas were formed 7.3 and 3.3 t ha-1, respectively.

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